A.11.4 Markup for music and musical symbols

\accidental alteration (an exact rational number) ¶

Select an accidental glyph for alteration, given as a rational number.

Use \text-accidental instead if you need glyph representation forms that fit and align well with text.

\markup {
  text
  \tiny { \accidental #1/2 \accidental #-1/2 }
  text
  \tiny { \text-accidental #1/2 \text-accidental #-1/2 }
  text
}

Used properties:

• alteration-glyph-name-alist

\bar-line strg (string) ¶

Print a bar line in markup.

The allowed characters for input string strg are ‘;|.:!S[]{}’, having the same meaning as with the \bar command. The additional characters ‘{’ and ‘}’ denote left and right braces, respectively.

The output is vertically centered.

Changes of font-size are respected.

The default of height is 4 staff-space units. Apart from the bracket tips of a bracket bar line and the segno bar line all other bar lines are scaled with height. We don’t scale bracket tips and segno to meet the behaviour of SystemStartBracket and the segno barline.

\bar-line is further customizable by overriding dot-count and dash-count for dotted and dashed bar lines. The values for hair-thickness, kern and thick-thickness are customizable as well; defaults are the same as the values of the corresponding BarLine grob properties.

\markup {
   \override #'(word-space . 2)
   \column {
      \line {
        Examples
        \fontsize #-5 \translate-scaled #'(0 . 2) {
          \bar-line ":|.|:"
          \bar-line ";!S!;"
          \bar-line "]{|}["
        }
      }
      \line {
        Examples
        \fontsize #0 \translate-scaled #'(0 . 2) {
          \bar-line ":|.|:"
          \bar-line ";!S!;"
          \bar-line "]{|}["
        }
      }
      \line {
        Examples
        \fontsize #5 \translate-scaled #'(0 . 2) {
          \bar-line ":|.|:"
          \bar-line ";!S!;"
          \bar-line "]{|}["
        }
      }
   }
}

Used properties:

• thick-thickness (6.0)
• kern (3.0)
• hair-thickness (1.9)
• dash-count (5)
• dot-count (4)
• height (4)
• font-size (0)

\coda ¶

Draw a coda sign.

\markup {
  \coda
}

\compound-meter time-sig (number or pair) ¶

Draw a numeric time signature based on time-sig.

time-sig can be a single number, a pair of numbers, a simple list, or a list of lists, as the following example demonstrates.

\markuplist {
  \override #'(baseline-skip . 4.5)
  \override #'(padding . 4.5)
  \table #'(-1 -1) {
    "Single number"  \compound-meter #3
    "Conventional"   \line {
                       \compound-meter #'(4 . 4) or
                       \compound-meter #'(4 4)
                     }
    "Subdivided"     \compound-meter #'(2 3 5 8)
    "Alternating"    \line {
                       \compound-meter #'((2) (3)) or
                       \compound-meter #'((2 3 8) (3 4))
                     }
  }
}

Setting the denominator-style property to note prints denominators as a note and dots when exact representation is possible. Example:

\markup {
  \override #'(denominator-style . note)
  \line {
    \compound-meter #'(2 2) or
    \compound-meter #'(4 1/2) or
    \compound-meter #'((2 8/3) (3 4)) but not
    \compound-meter #'(8 20)
  }
}

The nested-fraction-mixed property controls whether fractional parts are printed as mixed numbers or as common fractions. Example:

\markup {
  \override #'(nested-fraction-mixed . #f)
  \compound-meter #'(5/2 4) or
  \override #'(nested-fraction-mixed . #t)
  \compound-meter #'(5/2 4)
}

The nested-fraction-orientation property controls how nested fractions are arranged. Supported values are horizontal and vertical. Example:

\markup {
  \override #'(nested-fraction-orientation . horizontal)
  \compound-meter #'(5/2 4) or
  \override #'(nested-fraction-orientation . vertical)
  \compound-meter #'(5/2 4)
}

The nested-fraction-relative-font-size property controls the size of the numerals in nested fractions. Recommended values are -5.5 and 0. Using large numerals may take precedence over related properties. Example:

\markup {
  \override #'(nested-fraction-relative-font-size . -5.5)
  \compound-meter #'(5/2 4) or
  \override #'(nested-fraction-relative-font-size . 0)
  \compound-meter #'(5/2 4)
}

Used properties:

• note-staff-position (-2)
• note-head-style (())
• note-flag-style (())
• note-dots-direction (0)
• nested-fraction-relative-font-size (())
• nested-fraction-orientation (default)
• nested-fraction-mixed (#t)
• font-size (0)
• denominator-style (default)

\customTabClef num-strings (integer) staff-space (number) ¶

Draw a clef in sans-serif style for a tablature with num-strings lines spaced by staff-space.

This markup command is used to implement \clef moderntab within a TabStaff context.

\markup {
  \customTabClef #4 #1
}

\doubleflat ¶

Draw a double flat symbol.

\markup {
  \doubleflat
}

\doublesharp ¶

Draw a double sharp symbol.

\markup {
  \doublesharp
}

\fermata ¶

Create a fermata glyph.

If property direction is DOWN, use an inverted glyph.

Note that within music, one would normally use the \fermata articulation instead of a markup.

{ c''1^\markup \fermata d''1_\markup \fermata }

\markup { \fermata \override #`(direction . ,DOWN) \fermata }

Used properties:

• direction (1)

\flat ¶

Draw a flat symbol.

\markup {
  \flat
}

\multi-measure-rest-by-number length (non-negative, exact integer) ¶

Return a multi-measure rest symbol for length measures.

If the number of measures is greater than the number given by expand-limit a thick horizontal line is printed. For every multi-measure rest lasting more than one measure a number is printed on top. However, if property multi-measure-rest-number is set to #t, this number gets suppressed.

\markup {
  Multi-measure rests may look like
  \multi-measure-rest-by-number #12
  or
  \override #'(multi-measure-rest-number . #f)
    \multi-measure-rest-by-number #7
  (church rests)
}

Used properties:

• multi-measure-rest-number (#t)
• width (8)
• expand-limit (10)
• hair-thickness (2.0)
• thick-thickness (6.6)
• word-space
• style (())
• font-size (0)

\musicglyph glyph-name (string) ¶

Print music symbol glyph-name.

See The Emmentaler font for a complete listing of the possible glyph names.

\markup {
  \musicglyph "f"
  \musicglyph "rests.2"
  \musicglyph "clefs.G_change"
}

\natural ¶

Draw a natural symbol.

\markup {
  \natural
}

\note duration (duration) dir (number) ¶

Draw a note of given duration with a stem pointing into direction dir.

duration gives the note head type and augmentation dots; dir controls both the direction and length of the stem.

See also function \note-by-number.

\markup {
  \note {4..} #UP
  \hspace #2
  \override #'(style . cross)
  \note {4..} #0.75
  \hspace #2
  \note {\breve} #0
}

Used properties:

• style (())
• dots-direction (0)
• flag-style (())
• font-size (0)

\note-by-number log (number) dot-count (number) dir (number) ¶

Draw a note of length log, with dot-count dots and a stem pointing into direction dir.

By using fractional values for dir, longer or shorter stems can be obtained.

Ancient note-head styles (via the style property, see Estilos de cabezas de nota) get mensural-style flags by default; use flag-style to override this. Supported flag styles are default, old-straight-flag, modern-straight-flag, flat-flag, stacked, mensural, and neomensural. The last flag style is the same as mensural and provided for convenience.

\markup {
  \note-by-number #3 #0 #DOWN
  \hspace #2
  \note-by-number #1 #2 #0.8
  \hspace #2
  \override #'(style . petrucci)
  \note-by-number #3 #0 #UP
  \hspace #2
  \override #'(flag-style . modern-straight-flag)
  \note-by-number #4 #0 #DOWN
}

Used properties:

• style (())
• dots-direction (0)
• flag-style (())
• font-size (0)

\rest duration (duration) ¶

Return a rest symbol with length duration.

If the multi-measure-rest property is set to #t, a multi-measure rest symbol may be returned. In this case the duration needs to be entered as { 1*N } to get a multi-measure rest for N bars. Actually, only the scaling factor (i.e., the number after ‘*’) determines the length; the basic duration is disregarded.

See also functions \rest-by-number and \multi-measure-rest-by-number for more information on the used properties.

\markup {
  Rests:
  \hspace #2
  \rest { 4.. }
  \hspace #2
  \rest { \breve }
  \hspace #2
  Multi-measure rests:
  \override #'(multi-measure-rest . #t)
  {
    \hspace #2
    \rest { 1*7 }
    \hspace #2
    \rest { 1*12 }
  }
}

Used properties:

• multi-measure-rest-number (#t)
• width (8)
• expand-limit (10)
• hair-thickness (2.0)
• thick-thickness (6.6)
• word-space
• style (())
• font-size (0)
• style (())
• ledgers ((-1 0 1))
• font-size (0)

\rest-by-number log (integer) dot-count (integer) ¶

Draw a rest of length log, with dot-count dots.

For duration logs that appear in the ledgers property, rest symbols with ledger lines are selected.

\markup {
  \rest-by-number #3 #2
  \hspace #2
  \rest-by-number #0 #1
  \hspace #2
  \rest-by-number #-1 #0
  \hspace #2
  \override #'(ledgers . ())
  \rest-by-number #-1 #0
}

Used properties:

• style (())
• ledgers ((-1 0 1))
• font-size (0)

\rhythm music (music) ¶

Draw embedded rhythmic pattern as specified by music.

\relative {
  \tempo \markup {
    Swing
    \hspace #0.4
    \rhythm { 8[ 8] } = \rhythm { \tuplet 3/2 { 4 8 } }
  }
  b8 g' c, d ees d16 ees d c r8
}

Within \rhythm, there is no time signature and no division in measures (as with \cadenzaOn, see Música sin compasear). Beaming must be added explicitly with the syntax explained in Barras manuales.

\markup {
  The rhythmic pattern \rhythm { 16[ 8 16] } is
  a type of syncopation.
}

\stemDown can be used to flip the stems.

\markup \rhythm { \stemDown 8 16 8 }

\rhythm works by creating a StandaloneRhythmVoice context, which is enclosed in a StandaloneRhythmStaff context, which is enclosed in a StandaloneRhythmScore context. It is possible to apply global tweaks to the output by using a \layout block.

\layout {
  \context {
    \StandaloneRhythmVoice
    \xNotesOn
  }
}

\markup \rhythm { 8 16 8 }

Used properties:

• font-size (-2)

\score score (score) ¶

Inline an image of music as specified by score.

The reference point (usually the middle staff line) of the lowest staff in the top system is placed on the baseline.

No page breaks and no MIDI output, i.e., both \pageBreak commands and \midi{} blocks get ignored.

\markup {
  Text before the score.
  \score {
    \new PianoStaff <<
      \new Staff \relative c' {
        \key f \major
        \time 3/4
        \mark \markup { Allegro }
        f2\p( a4)
      }
      \new Staff \relative c {
        \clef bass
        \key f \major
        \time 3/4
        f8( a c a c a
      }
    >>

    \layout {
      indent = 0.0\cm
    }
  }
  Text after the score.
}

Used properties:

• baseline-skip

\segno ¶

Draw a segno symbol.

\markup {
  \segno
}

\semiflat ¶

Draw a semiflat symbol.

\markup {
  \semiflat
}

\semisharp ¶

Draw a semisharp symbol.

\markup {
  \semisharp
}

\sesquiflat ¶

Draw a 3/2 flat symbol.

\markup {
  \sesquiflat
}

\sesquisharp ¶

Draw a 3/2 sharp symbol.

\markup {
  \sesquisharp
}

\sharp ¶

Draw a sharp symbol.

\markup {
  \sharp
}

\text-accidental alteration (an exact rational number) ¶

Select an accidental glyph for alteration (given as a rational number) that aligns well with text.

\markup {
  text
  \tiny { \text-accidental #1/2 \text-accidental #-1/2 }
  text
}

Used properties:

• alteration-glyph-name-alist

\text-doubleflat ¶

Draw a double flat symbol for text.

\markup {
  \text-doubleflat
}

\text-doublesharp ¶

Draw a double sharp symbol for text.

\markup {
  \text-doublesharp
}

\text-flat ¶

Draw a flat symbol for text.

\markup {
  \text-flat
}

\text-natural ¶

Draw a natural symbol for text.

\markup {
  \text-natural
}

\text-sharp ¶

Draw a sharp symbol for text.

\markup {
  \text-sharp
}

\tied-lyric str (string) ¶

Replace ‘~’ tilde symbols with tie characters in str.

\markup \column {
  \tied-lyric
    "Siam navi~all'onde~algenti Lasciate~in abbandono"
  \tied-lyric
    "Impetuosi venti I nostri~affetti sono"
  \tied-lyric
    "Ogni diletto~e scoglio Tutta la vita~e~un mar."
}

Used properties:

• word-space

\varcoda ¶

Draw a varcoda sign.

\markup {
  \varcoda
}