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Note names in other languages
There are predefined sets of note and accidental names for various other languages. Selecting the note name language is usually done at the beginning of the file; the following example is written using Italian note names:
\language "italiano" \relative { do' re mi sib }
The available languages and the note names they define are:
Language | Note Names |
---|---|
nederlands | c d e f g a bes b |
català orcatalan | do re mi fa sol la sib si |
deutsch | c d e f g a b h |
english | c d e f g a bf /b-flat b |
español orespanol | do re mi fa sol la sib si |
français | do ré /re mi fa sol la sib si |
italiano | do re mi fa sol la sib si |
norsk | c d e f g a b h |
português orportugues | do re mi fa sol la sib si |
suomi | c d e f g a b h |
svenska | c d e f g a b h |
vlaams | do re mi fa sol la sib si |
In addition to note names, accidental suffixes may also vary depending on the language:
Language | sharp | flat | double sharp | double flat |
---|---|---|---|---|
nederlands | is | es | isis | eses |
català orcatalan | d /s | b | dd /ss | bb |
deutsch | is | es | isis | eses |
english | s /-sharp | f /-flat | ss /x /-sharpsharp | ff /-flatflat |
español orespanol | s | b | ss /x | bb |
français | d | b | dd /x | bb |
italiano | d | b | dd | bb |
norsk | iss /is | ess /es | ississ /isis | essess /eses |
português orportugues | s | b | ss | bb |
suomi | is | es | isis | eses |
svenska | iss | ess | ississ | essess |
vlaams | k | b | kk | bb |
In Dutch, German, Norwegian, and Finnish, aes
is contracted to
as
; in Dutch and Norwegian, however, both forms are accepted by
LilyPond. Exactly the same holds for es
and ees
,
aeses
and ases
, and finally eeses
and eses
.
In German and Finnish, LilyPond additionally provides the more frequent
form asas
for ases
.
\relative c'' { a2 as e es a ases e eses }
Some music uses microtones whose alterations are fractions of a ‘normal’ sharp or flat. The following table lists note name suffixes for quarter tone accidentals; here the prefixes semi- and sesqui- respectively mean ‘half’ and ‘one and a half’.
Language | semi-sharp | semi-flat | sesqui-sharp | sesqui-flat |
---|---|---|---|---|
nederlands | ih | eh | isih | eseh |
català orcatalan | qd /qs | qb | tqd /tqs | tqb |
deutsch | ih | eh | isih | eseh |
english | qs | qf | tqs | tqf |
español orespanol | cs | cb | tcs | tcb |
français | sd | sb | dsd | bsb |
italiano | sd | sb | dsd | bsb |
norsk | ih | eh | issih /isih | esseh /eseh |
português orportugues | sqt | bqt | stqt | btqt |
suomi | ih | eh | isih | eseh |
svenska | ih | eh | issih | esseh |
vlaams | hk | hb | khk | bhb |
In German, there are similar name contractions for microtones as with normal pitches described above.
\language "deutsch" \relative c'' { asah2 eh aih eisih }
Most languages presented here are commonly associated with Western classical music, also referred to as Common Practice Period. However, alternate pitches and tuning systems are also supported: see Common notation for non-Western music.
See also
Music Glossary: Pitch names, Common Practice Period.
Notation Reference: Common notation for non-Western music.
Installed Files: ‘scm/define-note-names.scm’.
Snippets: Pitches.
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[ < Accidentals ] | [ Up : Writing pitches ] | [ Changing multiple pitches > ] |