A.12.4 Music

\accidental alteration (an exact rational number)

Select an accidental glyph from an alteration, given as rational number.

\markup \accidental #1/2

[image of music]

Used properties:

  • alteration-glyph-name-alist
\coda

Draw a coda sign.

\markup {
  \coda
}

[image of music]

\compound-meter time-sig (number or pair)

Draw a numeric time signature.

\markup {
  \column {
    \line { Single number:
               \compound-meter #3 }
    \line { Conventional:
               \compound-meter #'(4 . 4) or
               \compound-meter #'(4 4) }
    \line { Compound:
               \compound-meter #'(2 3 8) }
    \line { Single-number compound:
               \compound-meter #'((2) (3)) }
    \line { Complex compound:
               \compound-meter #'((2 3 8) (3 4)) }
  }
}

[image of music]

\customTabClef num-strings (integer) staff-space (number)

Draw a tab clef sans-serif style.

\doubleflat

Draw a double flat symbol.

\markup {
  \doubleflat
}

[image of music]

\doublesharp

Draw a double sharp symbol.

\markup {
  \doublesharp
}

[image of music]

\fermata

Create a fermata glyph. When direction is DOWN, use an inverted glyph. Note that within music, one would usually use the \fermata articulation instead of a markup.

 { c''1^\markup \fermata d''1_\markup \fermata }

\markup { \fermata \override #`(direction . ,DOWN) \fermata }

[image of music]

Used properties:

  • direction (1)
\flat

Draw a flat symbol.

\markup {
  \flat
}

[image of music]

\multi-measure-rest-by-number duration-scale (non-negative, exact integer)

Returns a multi-measure rest symbol.

If the number of measures is greater than the number given by expand-limit a horizontal line is printed. For every multi-measure rest lasting more than one measure a number is printed on top.

\markup {
  Multi-measure rests may look like
  \multi-measure-rest-by-number #12
  or
  \multi-measure-rest-by-number #7
  (church rests)
}

[image of music]

Used properties:

  • multi-measure-rest-number (#t)
  • width (8)
  • expand-limit (10)
  • hair-thickness (2.0)
  • thick-thickness (6.6)
  • word-space
  • style (())
  • font-size (0)
\musicglyph glyph-name (string)

glyph-name is converted to a musical symbol; for example, \musicglyph #"accidentals.natural" selects the natural sign from the music font. See The Emmentaler font for a complete listing of the possible glyphs.

\markup {
  \musicglyph #"f"
  \musicglyph #"rests.2"
  \musicglyph #"clefs.G_change"
}

[image of music]

\natural

Draw a natural symbol.

\markup {
  \natural
}

[image of music]

\note duration (duration) dir (number)

This produces a note with a stem pointing in dir direction, with the duration for the note head type and augmentation dots. For example, \note {4.} #-0.75 creates a dotted quarter note, with a shortened down stem.

\markup {
  \override #'(style . cross)
  \note {4..} #UP
  \hspace #2
  \note {\breve} #0
}

[image of music]

Used properties:

  • style (())
  • dots-direction (0)
  • flag-style (())
  • font-size (0)
\note-by-number log (number) dot-count (number) dir (number)

Construct a note symbol, with stem and flag. By using fractional values for dir, longer or shorter stems can be obtained. Supports all note-head-styles. Ancient note-head-styles will get mensural-style-flags. flag-style may be overridden independently. Supported flag-styles are default, old-straight-flag, modern-straight-flag, flat-flag, mensural and neomensural. The latter two flag-styles will both result in mensural-flags. Both are supplied for convenience.

\markup {
  \note-by-number #3 #0 #DOWN
  \hspace #2
  \note-by-number #1 #2 #0.8
}

[image of music]

Used properties:

  • style (())
  • dots-direction (0)
  • flag-style (())
  • font-size (0)
\rest duration (duration)

Returns a rest symbol.

If multi-measure-rest is set to true, a multi-measure rest symbol my be returned. In this case the duration needs to be entered as { 1*2 }to get a multi-measure rest for two bars. Actually, it’s only the scaling factor that determines the length, the basic duration is disregarded.

\markup {
  Rests:
  \hspace #2
  \rest { 4.. }
  \hspace #2
  \rest { \breve }
  \hspace #2
  Multi-measure rests:
  \override #'(multi-measure-rest . #t)
  {
  \hspace #2
  \override #'(multi-measure-rest-number . #f)
  \rest { 1*7 }
  \hspace #2
  \rest { 1*12 }
  }
}

[image of music]

Used properties:

  • multi-measure-rest-number (#t)
  • width (8)
  • expand-limit (10)
  • hair-thickness (2.0)
  • thick-thickness (6.6)
  • word-space
  • style (())
  • font-size (0)
  • style (())
  • ledgers ((-1 0 1))
  • font-size (0)
\rest-by-number log (integer) dot-count (integer)

A rest symbol.

For duration logs specified with property ledgers, rest symbols with ledger lines are selected.

\markup {
  \rest-by-number #3 #2
  \hspace #2
  \rest-by-number #0 #1
}

[image of music]

Used properties:

  • style (())
  • ledgers ((-1 0 1))
  • font-size (0)
\rhythm music (music)

An embedded rhythmic pattern.

\relative {
  \tempo \markup {
    Swing
    \hspace #0.4
    \rhythm { 8[ 8] } = \rhythm { \tuplet 3/2 { 4 8 } }
  }
  b8 g' c, d ees d16 ees d c r8
}

[image of music]

Within \rhythm, there is no time signature and no division in measures (as with \cadenzaOn, see Unmetered music). Beaming must be added explicitly with the syntax explained in Manual beams.

\markup {
  The rhythmic pattern \rhythm { 16[ 8 16] } is
  a type of syncopation.
}

[image of music]

\stemDown can be used to flip the stems.

\markup \rhythm { \stemDown 8 16 8 }

[image of music]

\rhythm works by creating a StandaloneRhythmVoice context. The parents of this context are StandaloneRhythmStaff and StandaloneRhythmScore. It is possible to apply global tweaks to the output by using a \layout block.

\layout {
  \context {
    \StandaloneRhythmVoice
    \xNotesOn
  }
}

\markup \rhythm { 8 16 8 }

[image of music]

Note: rhythm does not work when its argument is a single duration, e.g., rhythm { 8 }. Use extra braces: rhythm { { 8 } }.

Used properties:

  • font-size (-2)
\score score (score)

Inline an image of music. The reference point (usually the middle staff line) of the lowest staff in the top system is placed on the baseline.

\markup {
  \score {
    \new PianoStaff <<
      \new Staff \relative c' {
        \key f \major
        \time 3/4
        \mark \markup { Allegro }
        f2\p( a4)
        c2( a4)
        bes2( g'4)
        f8( e) e4 r
      }
      \new Staff \relative c {
        \clef bass
        \key f \major
        \time 3/4
        f8( a c a c a
        f c' es c es c)
        f,( bes d bes d bes)
        f( g bes g bes g)
      }
    >>
    \layout {
      indent = 0.0\cm
      \context {
        \Score
        \override RehearsalMark.break-align-symbols =
           #'(time-signature key-signature)
        \override RehearsalMark.self-alignment-X = #LEFT
      }
      \context {
        \Staff
        \override TimeSignature
                   .break-align-anchor-alignment = #LEFT
      }
    }
  }
}

[image of music]

Used properties:

  • baseline-skip
\segno

Draw a segno symbol.

\markup {
  \segno
}

[image of music]

\semiflat

Draw a semiflat symbol.

\markup {
  \semiflat
}

[image of music]

\semisharp

Draw a semisharp symbol.

\markup {
  \semisharp
}

[image of music]

\sesquiflat

Draw a 3/2 flat symbol.

\markup {
  \sesquiflat
}

[image of music]

\sesquisharp

Draw a 3/2 sharp symbol.

\markup {
  \sesquisharp
}

[image of music]

\sharp

Draw a sharp symbol.

\markup {
  \sharp
}

[image of music]

\tied-lyric str (string)

Like simple-markup, but use tie characters for ‘~’ tilde symbols.

\markup \column {
  \tied-lyric
    #"Siam navi~all'onde~algenti Lasciate~in abbandono"
  \tied-lyric
    #"Impetuosi venti I nostri~affetti sono"
  \tied-lyric
    #"Ogni diletto~e scoglio Tutta la vita~e~un mar."
}

[image of music]

Used properties:

  • word-space
\varcoda

Draw a varcoda sign.

\markup {
  \varcoda
}

[image of music]


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