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A.11.4 Music

\accidental alteration (an exact rational number)

Select an accidental glyph from an alteration, given as rational number.

\markup \accidental #1/2

Used properties:

• alteration-glyph-name-alist

\coda

Draw a coda sign.

\markup {
  \coda
}

\compound-meter time-sig (number or pair)

Draw a numeric time signature.

\markup {
  \column {
    \line { Single number:
               \compound-meter #3 }
    \line { Conventional:
               \compound-meter #'(4 . 4) or
               \compound-meter #'(4 4) }
    \line { Compound:
               \compound-meter #'(2 3 8) }
    \line { Single-number compound:
               \compound-meter #'((2) (3)) }
    \line { Complex compound:
               \compound-meter #'((2 3 8) (3 4)) }
  }
}

\customTabClef num-strings (integer) staff-space (number)

Draw a tab clef sans-serif style.

\doubleflat

Draw a double flat symbol.

\markup {
  \doubleflat
}

\doublesharp

Draw a double sharp symbol.

\markup {
  \doublesharp
}

\fermata

Create a fermata glyph. When direction is DOWN, use an inverted glyph. Note that within music, one would usually use the \fermata articulation instead of a markup.

 { c''1^\markup \fermata d''1_\markup \fermata }

\markup { \fermata \override #`(direction . ,DOWN) \fermata }

Used properties:

• direction (1)

\flat

Draw a flat symbol.

\markup {
  \flat
}

\multi-measure-rest-by-number duration-scale (non-negative, exact integer)

Returns a multi-measure rest symbol.

If the number of measures is greater than the number given by expand-limit a horizontal line is printed. For every multi-measure rest lasting more than one measure a number is printed on top.

\markup {
  Multi-measure rests may look like
  \multi-measure-rest-by-number #12
  or
  \multi-measure-rest-by-number #7
  (church rests)
}

Used properties:

• multi-measure-rest-number (#t)
• width (8)
• expand-limit (10)
• hair-thickness (2.0)
• thick-thickness (6.6)
• word-space
• style (())
• font-size (0)

\musicglyph glyph-name (string)

glyph-name is converted to a musical symbol; for example, \musicglyph #"accidentals.natural" selects the natural sign from the music font. See The Emmentaler font for a complete listing of the possible glyphs.

\markup {
  \musicglyph #"f"
  \musicglyph #"rests.2"
  \musicglyph #"clefs.G_change"
}

\natural

Draw a natural symbol.

\markup {
  \natural
}

\note duration (duration) dir (number)

This produces a note with a stem pointing in dir direction, with the duration for the note head type and augmentation dots. For example, \note {4.} #-0.75 creates a dotted quarter note, with a shortened down stem.

\markup {
  \override #'(style . cross)
  \note {4..} #UP
  \hspace #2
  \note {\breve} #0
}

Used properties:

• style (())
• dots-direction (0)
• flag-style (())
• font-size (0)

\note-by-number log (number) dot-count (number) dir (number)

Construct a note symbol, with stem and flag. By using fractional values for dir, longer or shorter stems can be obtained. Supports all note-head-styles. Ancient note-head-styles will get mensural-style-flags. flag-style may be overridden independently. Supported flag-styles are default, old-straight-flag, modern-straight-flag, flat-flag, mensural and neomensural. The latter two flag-styles will both result in mensural-flags. Both are supplied for convenience.

\markup {
  \note-by-number #3 #0 #DOWN
  \hspace #2
  \note-by-number #1 #2 #0.8
}

Used properties:

• style (())
• dots-direction (0)
• flag-style (())
• font-size (0)

\rest duration (duration)

Returns a rest symbol.

If multi-measure-rest is set to true, a multi-measure rest symbol my be returned. In this case the duration needs to be entered as { 1*2 }to get a multi-measure rest for two bars. Actually, it’s only the scaling factor that determines the length, the basic duration is disregarded.

\markup {
  Rests:
  \hspace #2
  \rest { 4.. }
  \hspace #2
  \rest { \breve }
  \hspace #2
  Multi-measure rests:
  \override #'(multi-measure-rest . #t)
  {
  \hspace #2
  \override #'(multi-measure-rest-number . #f)
  \rest { 1*7 }
  \hspace #2
  \rest { 1*12 }
  }
}

Used properties:

• multi-measure-rest-number (#t)
• width (8)
• expand-limit (10)
• hair-thickness (2.0)
• thick-thickness (6.6)
• word-space
• style (())
• font-size (0)
• style (())
• ledgers ((-1 0 1))
• font-size (0)

\rest-by-number log (integer) dot-count (integer)

A rest symbol.

For duration logs specified with property ledgers, rest symbols with ledger lines are selected.

\markup {
  \rest-by-number #3 #2
  \hspace #2
  \rest-by-number #0 #1
}

Used properties:

• style (())
• ledgers ((-1 0 1))
• font-size (0)

\rhythm music (music)

An embedded rhythmic pattern.

\relative {
  \tempo \markup {
    Swing
    \hspace #0.4
    \rhythm { 8[ 8] } = \rhythm { \tuplet 3/2 { 4 8 } }
  }
  b8 g' c, d ees d16 ees d c r8
}

Within \rhythm, there is no time signature and no division in measures (as with \cadenzaOn, see 無韻律の音楽). Beaming must be added explicitly with the syntax explained in 手動連桁.

\markup {
  The rhythmic pattern \rhythm { 16[ 8 16] } is
  a type of syncopation.
}

\stemDown can be used to flip the stems.

\markup \rhythm { \stemDown 8 16 8 }

\rhythm works by creating a StandaloneRhythmVoice context. The parents of this context are StandaloneRhythmStaff and StandaloneRhythmScore. It is possible to apply global tweaks to the output by using a \layout block.

\layout {
  \context {
    \StandaloneRhythmVoice
    \xNotesOn
  }
}

\markup \rhythm { 8 16 8 }

Note: rhythm does not work when its argument is a single duration, e.g., rhythm { 8 }. Use extra braces: rhythm { { 8 } }.

Used properties:

• font-size (-2)

\score score (score)

Inline an image of music. The reference point (usually the middle staff line) of the lowest staff in the top system is placed on the baseline.

\markup {
  \score {
    \new PianoStaff <<
      \new Staff \relative c' {
        \key f \major
        \time 3/4
        \mark \markup { Allegro }
        f2\p( a4)
        c2( a4)
        bes2( g'4)
        f8( e) e4 r
      }
      \new Staff \relative c {
        \clef bass
        \key f \major
        \time 3/4
        f8( a c a c a
        f c' es c es c)
        f,( bes d bes d bes)
        f( g bes g bes g)
      }
    >>
    \layout {
      indent = 0.0\cm
      \context {
        \Score
        \override RehearsalMark.break-align-symbols =
           #'(time-signature key-signature)
        \override RehearsalMark.self-alignment-X = #LEFT
      }
      \context {
        \Staff
        \override TimeSignature
                   .break-align-anchor-alignment = #LEFT
      }
    }
  }
}

Used properties:

• baseline-skip

\segno

Draw a segno symbol.

\markup {
  \segno
}

\semiflat

Draw a semiflat symbol.

\markup {
  \semiflat
}

\semisharp

Draw a semisharp symbol.

\markup {
  \semisharp
}

\sesquiflat

Draw a 3/2 flat symbol.

\markup {
  \sesquiflat
}

\sesquisharp

Draw a 3/2 sharp symbol.

\markup {
  \sesquisharp
}

\sharp

Draw a sharp symbol.

\markup {
  \sharp
}

\tied-lyric str (string)

Like simple-markup, but use tie characters for ‘~’ tilde symbols.

\markup \column {
  \tied-lyric
    #"Siam navi~all'onde~algenti Lasciate~in abbandono"
  \tied-lyric
    #"Impetuosi venti I nostri~affetti sono"
  \tied-lyric
    #"Ogni diletto~e scoglio Tutta la vita~e~un mar."
}

Used properties:

• word-space

\varcoda

Draw a varcoda sign.

\markup {
  \varcoda
}

---

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