LilyPond Notation Reference: A.21 Available music functions

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A.21 Available music functions

\absolute [music] - music (music)

Make music absolute. This does not actually change the music itself but rather hides it from surrounding \relative and \fixed commands.

\acciaccatura [music] - music (music)

Create an acciaccatura from the following music expression

\accidentalStyle [music] - style (symbol list)

Set accidental style to symbol list style in the form ‘piano-cautionary’. If style has a form like ‘Staff.piano-cautionary’, the settings are applied to that context. Otherwise, the context defaults to ‘Staff’, except for piano styles, which use ‘GrandStaff’ as a context.

\addChordShape [void] - key-symbol (symbol) tuning (pair) shape-definition (string or pair)

Add chord shape shape-definition to the chord-shape-table hash with the key (cons key-symbol tuning).

\addInstrumentDefinition [void] - name (string) lst (list)

Create instrument name with properties list.

This function is deprecated.

\addQuote [void] - name (string) music (music)

Define music as a quotable music expression named name

\after [music] - delta (duration) ev (music) mus (music)

Add music ev (usually a post-event) with a delay of delta after the onset of mus.

\afterGrace [music] - fraction [non-negative rational, fraction, or moment] main (music) grace (music)

Create grace note(s) after a main music expression.

The musical position of the grace expression is after a given fraction of the main note’s duration has passed. If fraction is not specified as first argument, it is taken from afterGraceFraction which has a default value of 3/4.

\allowPageTurn [music]

Allow a page turn. May be used at toplevel (ie between scores or markups), or inside a score.

\allowVoltaHook [void] - bar (string)

Allow the volta bracket hook being drawn over bar line bar.

\alterBroken [music] - property (key list or symbol) arg (list) target (key list or music)

Override property for pieces of broken spanner target with values arg. target may either be music in the form of a starting spanner event, or a symbol list in the form ‘Context.Grob’ or just ‘Grob’. Iff target is in the form of a spanner event, property may also have the form ‘Grob.property’ for specifying a directed tweak.

\ambitusAfter [music] - target (symbol)

Move the ambitus after the break-align symbol target.

\appendToTag [music] - tag (symbol) more (music) music (music)

Append more to the back of music tagged with tag. A post-event can be added to the articulations of rhythmic events or chords; other expressions may be added to chords, sequential or simultaneous music.

\applyContext [music] - proc (procedure)

Modify context properties with Scheme procedure proc.

\applyMusic [music] - func (procedure) music (music)

Apply procedure func to music.

\applyOutput [music] - target (symbol list or symbol) proc (procedure)

Apply function proc to every layout object matched by target which takes the form Context or Context.Grob.

\appoggiatura [music] - music (music)

Create an appoggiatura from music

\assertBeamQuant [music] - l (pair) r (pair)

Testing function: check whether the beam quants l and r are correct

\assertBeamSlope [music] - comp (procedure)

Testing function: check whether the slope of the beam is the same as comp

\autoChange [music] - pitch [pitch] clef-1 [context modification] clef-2 [context modification] music (music)

Make voices that switch between staves automatically. As an option the pitch where to switch staves may be specified. The clefs for the staves are optional as well. Setting clefs works only for implicitly instantiated staves.

\balloonGrobText [music] - grob-name (symbol) offset (pair of numbers) text (markup)

Attach text to grob-name at offset offset (use like \once)

\balloonText [post event] - offset (pair of numbers) text (markup)

Attach text at offset (use like \tweak)

\bar [music] - type (string)

Insert a bar line of type type, overriding any automatic bar lines.

\barNumberCheck [music] - n (integer)

Print a warning if the current bar number is not n.

\beamExceptions (any type) - music (music)

Extract a value suitable for setting Timing.beamExceptions from the given pattern with explicit beams in music. A bar check | has to be used between bars of patterns in order to reset the timing.

\bendAfter [post event] - delta (real number)

Create a fall or doit of pitch interval delta.

\bendHold [post event] - mus (music)

Sets the 'style of a BendSpanner to 'hold.

\bendStartLevel [post event] - idx (non-negative, exact integer) mus (music)

Sets the details.successive-level of a BendSpanner to idx.

\bookOutputName [void] - newfilename (string)

Direct output for the current book block to newfilename.

\bookOutputSuffix [void] - newsuffix (string)

Set the output filename suffix for the current book block to newsuffix.

\breathe [music]

Insert a breath mark.

\caesura [music]

Insert a caesura.

\chordRepeats [music] - event-types [list] music (music)

Walk through music putting the notes of the previous chord into repeat chords, as well as an optional list of event-types such as #'(string-number-event).

\clef [music] - type (string)

Set the current clef to type.

\codaMark [music] - num [non-negative, exact integer]

Create a coda mark. num may be 1 for the first mark, 2 for the second, etc., or it may be \default to use the next number in sequence automatically.

\compoundMeter [music] - args (pair)

Create compound time signatures. The argument is a Scheme list of lists. Each list describes one fraction, with the last entry being the denominator, while the first entries describe the summands in the enumerator. If the time signature consists of just one fraction, the list can be given directly, i.e. not as a list containing a single list. For example, a time signature of (3+1)/8 + 2/4 would be created as \compoundMeter #'((3 1 8) (2 4)), and a time signature of (3+2)/8 as \compoundMeter #'((3 2 8)) or shorter \compoundMeter #'(3 2 8).

\compressMMRests [music] - music (music)

Remove the empty bars created by multi-measure rests, leaving just the first bar containing the MM rest itself.

\crossStaff [music] - notes (music)

Create cross-staff stems

\cueClef [music] - type (string)

Set the current cue clef to type.

\cueClefUnset [music]

Unset the current cue clef.

\cueDuring [music] - what (string) dir (direction) main-music (music)

Insert contents of quote what corresponding to main-music, in a CueVoice oriented by dir.

\cueDuringWithClef [music] - what (string) dir (direction) clef (string) main-music (music)

Insert contents of quote what corresponding to main-music, in a CueVoice oriented by dir.

\deadNote [music] - note (music)

Print note with a cross-shaped note head.

\defineBarLine [void] - bar (string) glyph-list (list)

Define bar line settings for bar line bar. The list glyph-list must have three entries which define substitute glyphs for the end of a line, the beginning of a line, and a span bar, respectively. The substitute glyphs may be either strings or booleans: #t calls for the same value as bar and #f calls for no glyph.

\displayLilyMusic [music] - port [output port] music (music)

Display the LilyPond input representation of music to port, defaulting to the console.

\displayMusic [music] - port [output port] music (music)

Display the internal representation of music to port, default to the console.

\displayScheme (any type) - port [output port] expr (any type)

Display the internal representation of expr to port, default to the console.

\dropNote [music] - num (integer) music (music)

Drop a note of any chords in music, in num position from above.

\enablePolymeter [void]

For use within an output definition. Enables polymetry, moving timing management from Score to Staff-like contexts. This is done by removing the Timing_translator from Score, and adding it to all contexts having the Staff alias.

\endSpanners [music] - music (music)

Terminate the next spanner prematurely after exactly one note without the need of a specific end spanner.

\eventChords [music] - music (music)

Compatibility function wrapping EventChord around isolated rhythmic events occuring since version 2.15.28, after expanding repeat chords ‘q’.

\featherDurations [music] - scale (non-negative rational, fraction, or moment) argument (music)

Adjust durations of music in argument by scale.

\finger [post event] - finger (index or markup)

Apply finger as a fingering indication.

\fixed [music] - pitch (pitch) music (music)

Use the octave of pitch as the default octave for music.

\footnote [music] - mark [markup] offset (pair of numbers) footnote (markup) item (symbol list or music)

Make the markup footnote a footnote on item. The footnote is marked with a markup mark moved by offset with respect to the marked music.

If mark is not given or specified as \default, it is replaced by an automatically generated sequence number. If item is a symbol list of form ‘Grob’ or ‘Context.Grob’, then grobs of that type will be marked at the current time step in the given context (default Bottom).

If item is music, the music will get a footnote attached to a grob immediately attached to the event, like \tweak does. For attaching a footnote to an indirectly caused grob, write \single\footnote, use item to specify the grob, and follow it with the music to annotate.

Like with \tweak, if you use a footnote on a following post-event, the \footnote command itself needs to be attached to the preceding note or rest as a post-event with -.

\grace [music] - music (music)

Insert music as grace notes.

\grobdescriptions (any type) - descriptions (list)

Create a context modification from descriptions, a list in the format of all-grob-descriptions.

\harmonicByFret [music] - fret (number) music (music)

Convert music into mixed harmonics; the resulting notes resemble harmonics played on a fretted instrument by touching the strings at fret.

\harmonicByRatio [music] - ratio (number) music (music)

Convert music into mixed harmonics; the resulting notes resemble harmonics played on a fretted instrument by touching the strings at the point given through ratio.

\harmonicNote [music] - note (music)

Print note with a diamond-shaped note head.

\harmonicsOn [music]

Set the default note head style to a diamond-shaped style.

\hide [music] - item (symbol list or music)

Set item’s ‘transparent’ property to #t, making it invisible while still retaining its dimensions.

If item is a symbol list of form GrobName or Context.GrobName, the result is an override for the grob name specified by it. If item is a music expression, the result is the same music expression with an appropriate tweak applied to it.

\incipit [music] - incipit-music (music)

Output incipit-music before the main staff as an indication of its appearance in the original music.

\inherit-acceptability [void] - to (symbol) from (symbol)

When used in an output definition, will modify all context definitions such that context to is accepted as a child by all contexts that also accept from.

\inStaffSegno [music]

Put the segno variant ’varsegno’ at this position into the staff, compatible with the repeat command.

\instrumentSwitch [music] - name (string)

Switch instrument to name, which must have been predefined with function \addInstrumentDefinition.

This function is deprecated.

\inversion [music] - around (pitch) to (pitch) music (music)

Invert music about around and transpose from around to to.

\invertChords [music] - num (integer) music (music)

Invert any chords in music into their num-th position. (Chord inversions may be directed downwards using negative integers.)

\jump [music] - text (markup)

Mark a point of departure, e.g. ‘Gavotte I D.C.’.

\keepWithTag [music] - tags (symbol list or symbol) music (music)

Include only elements of music that are tagged with one of the tags in tags. tags may be either a single symbol or a list of symbols.

Each tag may be declared as a member of at most one tag group (defined with \tagGroup). If none of a music element’s tags share a tag group with one of the specified tags, the element is retained.

\key [music] - tonic [pitch] pitch-alist [list of number pairs]

Set key to tonic and scale pitch-alist. If both are null, just generate KeyChangeEvent.

\killCues [music] - music (music)

Remove cue notes from music.

\label [music] - label (symbol)

Create label as a referrable label.

\language [void] - language (string)

Set note names for language language.

\languageRestore [void]

Restore a previously-saved pitchnames alist.

\languageSaveAndChange [void] - language (string)

Store the previous pitchnames alist, and set a new one.

\magnifyMusic [music] - mag (positive number) music (music)

Magnify the notation of music without changing the staff-size, using mag as a size factor. Stems, beams, slurs, ties, and horizontal spacing are adjusted automatically.

\magnifyStaff [music] - mag (positive number)

Change the size of the staff, adjusting notation size and horizontal spacing automatically, using mag as a size factor.

\makeClusters [music] - arg (music)

Display chords in arg as clusters.

\makeDefaultStringTuning [void] - symbol (symbol) pitches (list)

This defines a string tuning symbol via a list of pitches. The symbol also gets registered in defaultStringTunings for documentation purposes.

\mark [music] - label [index or markup]

Create a rehearsal mark. If label is an integer, create the rehearsal mark for the given sequence number. If label is \default, create the next sequential rehearsal mark. If label is markup, use it for the mark.

\markupMap [music] - path (symbol list or symbol) markupfun (markup-function) music (music)

This applies the given markup function markupfun to all markup music properties matching path in music.

For example,

\new Voice { g'2 c'' }
\addlyrics {
  \markupMap LyricEvent.text
             \markup \with-color #red \etc
             { Oh yes! }
}

\modalInversion [music] - around (pitch) to (pitch) scale (music) music (music)

Invert music about around using scale and transpose from around to to.

\modalTranspose [music] - from (pitch) to (pitch) scale (music) music (music)

Transpose music from pitch from to pitch to using scale.

\musicMap [music] - proc (procedure) mus (music)

Apply proc to mus and all of the music it contains.

\noPageBreak [music]

Forbid a page break. May be used at toplevel (i.e., between scores or markups), or inside a score.

\noPageTurn [music]

Forbid a page turn. May be used at toplevel (i.e., between scores or markups), or inside a score.

\octaveCheck [music] - pitch (pitch)

Octave check.

\offset [music] - property (symbol list or symbol) offsets (any type) item (key list or music)

Offset the default value of property of item by offsets. If item is a string, the result is \override for the specified grob type. If item is a music expression, the result is the same music expression with an appropriate tweak applied.

\omit [music] - item (symbol list or music)

Set item’s ‘stencil’ property to #f, effectively omitting it without taking up space.

\once [music] - music (music)

Set once to #t on all layout instruction events in music. This will complain about music with an actual duration. As a special exception, if music might be the result of a \tweak command, no warning will be given in order to allow for \once \propertyTweak to work as both one-time override and proper tweak.

\ottava [music] - octave (integer)

Set the octavation.

\overrideProperty [music] - grob-property-path (list of indexes or symbols) value (any type)

As opposed to \override which overrides the context-dependent defaults with which a grob is created, this command uses Output_property_engraver at the grob acknowledge stage. This may be necessary for overriding values set after the initial grob creation.

\overrideTimeSignatureSettings [music] - time-signature (fraction, as pair) base-moment (fraction, as pair) beat-structure (list) beam-exceptions (list)

Override timeSignatureSettings for time signatures of time-signature to have settings of base-moment, beat-structure, and beam-exceptions.

\pageBreak [music]

Force a page break. May be used at toplevel (i.e., between scores or markups), or inside a score.

\pageTurn [music]

Force a page turn between two scores or top-level markups.

\palmMute [music] - note (music)

Print note with a triangle-shaped note head.

\palmMuteOn [music]

Set the default note head style to a triangle-shaped style.

\parallelMusic [void] - voice-ids (list) music (music)

Define parallel music sequences, separated by ’|’ (bar check signs), and assign them to the identifiers provided in voice-ids.

voice-ids: a list of music identifiers (symbols containing only letters)

music: a music sequence, containing BarChecks as limiting expressions.

Example:

  \parallelMusic A,B,C {
    c c | d d | e e |
    d d | e e | f f |
  }
<==>
  A = { c c | d d }
  B = { d d | e e }
  C = { e e | f f }

The last bar checks in a sequence are not copied to the result in order to facilitate ending the last entry at non-bar boundaries.

\parenthesize [music] - arg (symbol list or music)

Tag arg to be parenthesized. arg may be either a music event or a grob path.

\partCombine [music] - chord-range [pair of numbers] part1 (music) part2 (music)

Take the music in part1 and part2 and return a music expression containing simultaneous voices, where part1 and part2 are combined into one voice where appropriate. Optional chord-range sets the distance in steps between notes that may be combined into a chord or unison.

\partCombineDown [music] - chord-range [pair of numbers] part1 (music) part2 (music)

Take the music in part1 and part2 and typeset so that they share a staff with stems directed downward.

\partCombineForce [music] - type [symbol]

Override the part-combiner.

\partCombineUp [music] - chord-range [pair of numbers] part1 (music) part2 (music)

Take the music in part1 and part2 and typeset so that they share a staff with stems directed upward.

\partial [music] - dur (duration)

Make a partial measure.

\phrasingSlurDashPattern [music] - dash-fraction (number) dash-period (number)

Set up a custom style of dash pattern for dash-fraction ratio of line to space repeated at dash-period interval for phrasing slurs.

\pitchedTrill [music] - main-note (music) secondary-note (music)

Print a trill with main-note as the main note of the trill and print secondary-note as a stemless note head in parentheses.

\pointAndClickOff [void]

Suppress generating extra code in final-format (e.g. pdf) files to point back to the lilypond source statement.

\pointAndClickOn [void]

Enable generation of code in final-format (e.g. pdf) files to reference the originating lilypond source statement; this is helpful when developing a score but generates bigger final-format files.

\pointAndClickTypes [void] - types (symbol list or symbol)

Set a type or list of types (such as #'note-event) for which point-and-click info is generated.

\preBend [post event] - mus (music)

Sets the 'style of a BendSpanner to 'pre-bend.

\preBendHold [post event] - mus (music)

Sets the 'style of a BendSpanner to 'pre-bend-hold.

\propertyOverride [music] - grob-property-path (list of indexes or symbols) value (any type)

Set the grob property specified by grob-property-path to value. grob-property-path is a symbol list of the form Context.GrobName.property or GrobName.property, possibly with subproperties given as well. This music function is mostly intended for use from Scheme as a substitute for the built-in \override command.

\propertyRevert [music] - grob-property-path (list of indexes or symbols)

Revert the grob property specified by grob-property-path to its previous value. grob-property-path is a symbol list of the form Context.GrobName.property or GrobName.property, possibly with subproperties given as well. This music function is mostly intended for use from Scheme as a substitute for the built-in \revert command.

\propertySet [music] - property-path (symbol list or symbol) value (any type)

Set the context property specified by property-path to value. This music function is mostly intended for use from Scheme as a substitute for the built-in \set command.

\propertyTweak [music] - prop (key list or symbol) value (any type) item (key list or music)

Add a tweak to the following item, usually music. This generally behaves like \tweak but will turn into an \override when item is a symbol list.

In that case, item specifies the grob path to override. This is mainly useful when using \propertyTweak as as a component for building other functions like \omit. It is not the default behavior for \tweak since many input strings in \lyricmode can serve equally as music or as symbols which causes surprising behavior when tweaking lyrics using the less specific semantics of \propertyTweak.

prop can contain additional elements in which case a nested property (inside of an alist) is tweaked.

\propertyUnset [music] - property-path (symbol list or symbol)

Unset the context property specified by property-path. This music function is mostly intended for use from Scheme as a substitute for the built-in \unset command.

\pushToTag [music] - tag (symbol) more (music) music (music)

Add more to the front of music tagged with tag. A post-event can be added to the articulations of rhythmic events or chords; other expressions may be added to chords, sequential or simultaneous music.

\quoteDuring [music] - what (string) main-music (music)

Indicate a section of music to be quoted. what indicates the name of the quoted voice, as specified in an \addQuote command. main-music is used to indicate the length of music to be quoted; usually contains spacers or multi-measure rests.

\raiseNote [music] - num (integer) music (music)

Raise a note of any chords in music, in num position from below.

\reduceChords [music] - music (music)

Reduce chords contained in music to single notes, intended mainly for reusing music in RhythmicStaff. Does not reduce parallel music.

\relative [music] - pitch [pitch] music (music)

Make music relative to pitch. If pitch is omitted, the first note in music is given in absolute pitch.

\removeWithTag [music] - tags (symbol list or symbol) music (music)

Remove elements of music that are tagged with one of the tags in tags. tags may be either a single symbol or a list of symbols.

\resetRelativeOctave [music] - pitch (pitch)

Set the octave inside a \relative section.

\retrograde [music] - music (music)

Return music in reverse order.

\revertTimeSignatureSettings [music] - time-signature (pair)

Revert timeSignatureSettings for time signatures of time-signature.

\rightHandFinger [post event] - finger (index or markup)

Apply finger as a fingering indication.

\scaleDurations [music] - fraction (non-negative rational, fraction, or moment) music (music)

Multiply the duration of events in music by fraction.

\sectionLabel [music] - text (markup)

Mark the beginning of a named passage, e.g. “Coda”. This is well suited for use at a section division created with \section, but it does not imply \section and may be used alone.

\segnoMark [music] - num [non-negative, exact integer]

Create a segno mark (or bar line, if the segnoStyle context property is 'bar-line). num may be 1 for the first segno, 2 for the second, etc., or it may be \default to use the next number in sequence automatically.

\settingsFrom (any type) - ctx [symbol] music (music)

Take the layout instruction events from music, optionally restricted to those applying to context type ctx, and return a context modification duplicating their effect.

\shape [music] - offsets (list) item (key list or music)

Offset control-points of item by offsets. The argument is a list of number pairs or list of such lists. Each element of a pair represents an offset to one of the coordinates of a control-point. The y-coordinate of each number pair is scaled by staff space. If item is a string, the result is \once\override for the specified grob type. If item is a music expression, the result is the same music expression with an appropriate tweak applied.

\shiftDurations [music] - dur (integer) dots (integer) arg (music)

Change the duration of arg by adding dur to the durlog of arg and dots to the dots of arg.

\single [music] - overrides (music) music (music)

Convert overrides to tweaks and apply them to music. This does not convert \revert, \set or \unset.

\skip [music] - arg (duration-or-music)

Skip over arg, which may be music or a duration.

\slashedGrace [music] - music (music)

Create slashed graces (slashes through stems, but no slur) from the following music expression

\slurDashPattern [music] - dash-fraction (number) dash-period (number)

Set up a custom style of dash pattern for dash-fraction ratio of line to space repeated at dash-period interval for slurs.

\staffHighlight [music] - color (color)

Start a highlight with the specified color.

\storePredefinedDiagram [void] - fretboard-table (hash table) chord (music) tuning (pair) diagram-definition (string or pair)

Add predefined fret diagram defined by diagram-definition for the chord pitches chord and the stringTuning tuning.

\stringTuning (any type) - chord (music)

Convert chord to a string tuning. chord must be in absolute pitches and should have the highest string number (generally the lowest pitch) first.

\styledNoteHeads [music] - style (symbol) heads (symbol list or symbol) music (music)

Set heads in music to style.

\tabChordRepeats [music] - event-types [list] music (music)

Walk through music putting the notes, fingerings and string numbers of the previous chord into repeat chords, as well as an optional list of event-types such as #'(articulation-event).

\tabChordRepetition [void]

Include the string and fingering information in a chord repetition. This function is deprecated; try using \tabChordRepeats instead.

\tag [music] - tags (symbol list or symbol) music (music)

Tag the following music with tags and return the result, by adding the single symbol or symbol list tags to the tags property of music.

\tagGroup [void] - tags (symbol list)

Define a tag group comprising the symbols in the symbol list tags. Tag groups must not overlap.

\temporary [music] - music (music)

Make any \override in music replace an existing grob property value only temporarily, restoring the old value when a corresponding \revert is executed. This is achieved by clearing the ‘pop-first’ property normally set on \overrides.

An \override/\revert sequence created by using \temporary and \undo on the same music containing overrides will cancel out perfectly or cause a warning.

Non-property-related music is ignored, warnings are generated for any property-changing music that isn’t an \override.

\textEndMark [music] - text (markup)

(undocumented; fixme)

\textMark [music] - text (markup)

(undocumented; fixme)

\tieDashPattern [music] - dash-fraction (number) dash-period (number)

Set up a custom style of dash pattern for dash-fraction ratio of line to space repeated at dash-period interval for ties.

\time [music] - beat-structure [number list] fraction (fraction, as pair)

Set fraction as time signature, with optional number list beat-structure before it.

\times [music] - fraction (fraction, as pair) music (music)

Scale music in time by fraction.

\tocItem [music] - label [symbol list or symbol] text (markup)

Add a line to the table of contents, using the tocItemMarkup paper variable markup and assigning it to label if one is provided. If a hierarchy of labels is given, make the current item a child of the corresponding objects.

\transpose [music] - from (pitch) to (pitch) music (music)

Transpose music from pitch from to pitch to.

\transposedCueDuring [music] - what (string) dir (direction) pitch (pitch) main-music (music)

Insert notes from the part what into a voice called cue, using the transposition defined by pitch. This happens simultaneously with main-music, which is usually a rest. The argument dir determines whether the cue notes should be notated as a first or second voice.

\transposition [music] - pitch (pitch)

Set instrument transposition

\tuplet [music] - ratio (fraction, as pair) tuplet-span [duration] music (music)

Scale the given music to tuplets. ratio is a fraction that specifies how many notes are played in place of the nominal value: it will be ‘3/2’ for triplets, namely three notes being played in place of two. If the optional duration tuplet-span is specified, it is used instead of tupletSpannerDuration for grouping the tuplets. For example,

\tuplet 3/2 4 { c8 c c c c c }

will result in two groups of three tuplets, each group lasting for a quarter note.

\tupletSpan [music] - tuplet-span [duration]

Set tupletSpannerDuration, the length into which \tuplet without an explicit ‘tuplet-span’ argument of its own will group its tuplets, to the duration tuplet-span. To revert to the default of not subdividing the contents of a \tuplet command without explicit ‘tuplet-span’, use

\tupletSpan \default

\tweak [music] - prop (key list or symbol) value (any type) music (music)

Add a tweak to the following music. Layout objects created by music get their property prop set to value. If prop has the form ‘Grob.property’, like with

\tweak Accidental.color #red cis'

an indirectly created grob (‘Accidental’ is caused by ‘NoteHead’) can be tweaked; otherwise only directly created grobs are affected.

prop can contain additional elements in which case a nested property (inside of an alist) is tweaked.

If music is an ‘event-chord’, every contained ‘rhythmic-event’ is tweaked instead.

\undo [music] - music (music)

Convert \override and \set in music to \revert and \unset, respectively. Any reverts and unsets already in music cause a warning. Non-property-related music is ignored.

\unfolded [music] - music (music)

Mask music until the innermost enclosing repeat is unfolded.

\unfoldRepeats [music] - types [symbol list or symbol] music (music)

Force \repeat volta, \repeat tremolo or \repeat percent commands in music to be interpreted as \repeat unfold, if specified in the optional symbol-list types. The default for types is an empty list, which will force any of those commands in music to be interpreted as \repeat unfold. Possible entries are volta, tremolo or percent. Multiple entries are possible.

\voices [music] - ids (list of indexes or symbols) music (music)

Take the given key list of numbers (indicating the use of ‘\voiceOne’…) or symbols (indicating voice names, typically converted from strings by argument list processing) and assign the following \\-separated music to contexts according to that list. Named rather than numbered contexts can be used for continuing one voice (for the sake of spanners and lyrics), usually requiring a \voiceOne-style override at the beginning of the passage and a \oneVoice override at its end.

The default

<< … \\ … \\ … >>

construct would correspond to

\voices 1,2,3 << … \\ … \\ … >>

\void [void] - arg (any type)

Accept a scheme argument, return a void expression. Use this if you want to have a scheme expression evaluated because of its side-effects, but its value ignored.

\volta [music] - volta-numbers (number list) music (music)

Mark music as being limited to the volte given in volta-numbers when the innermost enclosing repeat is unfolded. Volta number begins at 1 and increases by 1 with each repetition.

\vshape [music] - offsets (list) item (key list or music)

Like \shape, but additionally show control points for ease of tweaking.

\withMusicProperty [music] - sym (symbol) val (any type) music (music)

Set sym to val in music.

\xNote [music] - note (music)

Print note with a cross-shaped note head.

\= [post event] - id (index or symbol) event (post event)

This sets the spanner-id property of the following event to the given id (non-negative integer or symbol). This can be used to tell LilyPond how to connect overlapping or parallel slurs or phrasing slurs within a single Voice.

\fixed c' { c\=1( d\=2( e\=1) f\=2) }

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A.21 Available music functions

LilyPond — Notation Reference v2.23.82 (development-branch).