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4.1.4 Flexible vertical spacing \paper variables
In most cases, it is preferable for the vertical distances between
certain items (such as margins, titles, systems, and separate
scores) to be flexible, so that they stretch and compress nicely
according to each situation. A number of \paper variables
(listed below) are available to fine-tune the stretching behavior
of these dimensions.
Note that the \paper variables discussed in this section do
not control the spacing of staves within individual systems.
Within-system spacing is controlled by grob properties, with
settings typically entered inside a \score or
\layout block, and not inside a \paper block. See
Flexible vertical spacing within systems.
| Structure of flexible vertical spacing alists | ||
List of flexible vertical spacing \paper variables |
Structure of flexible vertical spacing alists
Each of the flexible vertical spacing \paper variables is
an alist (association list) containing four keys:
-
basic-distance– the vertical distance, measured in staff spaces, between the reference points of the two items, when no collisions would result, and no stretching or compressing is in effect. The reference point of a (title or top-level) markup is its highest point, and the reference point of a system is the vertical center of the nearestStaffSymbol– even if a non-staff line (such as aLyricscontext) is in the way. Values forbasic-distancethat are less than eitherpaddingorminimum-distanceare not meaningful, since the resulting distance will never be less than eitherpaddingorminimum-distance. -
minimum-distance– the smallest allowable vertical distance, measured in staff spaces, between the reference points of the two items, when compressing is in effect. Values forminimum-distancethat are less thanpaddingare not meaningful, since the resulting distance will never be less thanpadding. -
padding– the minimum required amount of unobstructed vertical whitespace between the bounding boxes (or skylines) of the two items, measured in staff spaces. -
stretchability– a unitless measure of the dimension’s relative propensity to stretch. If zero, the distance will not stretch (unless collisions would result). When positive, the significance of a particular dimension’sstretchabilityvalue lies only in its relation to thestretchabilityvalues of the other dimensions. For example, if one dimension has twice thestretchabilityof another, it will stretch twice as easily. Values should be non-negative and finite. The value+inf.0triggers aprogramming_errorand is ignored, but1.0e7can be used for an almost infinitely stretchable spring. If unset, the default value is set tobasic-distance. Note that the dimension’s propensity to compress cannot be directly set by the user and is equal to (basic-distance-minimum-distance).
If a page has a ragged bottom, the resulting distance is the largest of:
-
basic-distance, -
minimum-distance, and -
paddingplus the smallest distance necessary to eliminate collisions.
For multi-page scores with a ragged bottom on the last page, the last page uses the same spacing as the preceding page, provided there is enough space for that.
Specific methods for modifying alists are discussed in Modifying alists. The following example demonstrates the two ways these alists can be modified. The first declaration updates one key value individually, and the second completely redefines the variable:
\paper {
system-system-spacing.basic-distance = #8
score-system-spacing =
#'((basic-distance . 12)
(minimum-distance . 6)
(padding . 1)
(stretchability . 12))
}
List of flexible vertical spacing \paper variables
The names of these variables follow the format
upper-lower-spacing, where upper
and lower are the items to be spaced. Each distance
is measured between the reference points of the two items (see the
description of the alist structure above). Note that in these
variable names, the term ‘markup’ refers to both
title markups (bookTitleMarkup or
scoreTitleMarkup) and top-level markups (see
File structure). All distances are measured in
staff spaces.
Default settings are defined in ‘ly/paper-defaults-init.ly’.
-
markup-system-spacing -
the distance between a (title or top-level) markup and the system that follows it.
-
score-markup-spacing -
the distance between the last system of a score and the (title or top-level) markup that follows it.
-
score-system-spacing -
the distance between the last system of a score and the first system of the score that follows it, when no (title or top-level) markup exists between them.
-
system-system-spacing -
the distance between two systems in the same score.
-
markup-markup-spacing -
the distance between two (title or top-level) markups.
-
last-bottom-spacing -
the distance from the last system or top-level markup on a page to the bottom of the printable area (i.e., the top of the bottom margin).
-
top-system-spacing -
the distance from the top of the printable area (i.e., the bottom of the top margin) to the first system on a page, when there is no (title or top-level) markup between the two.
-
top-markup-spacing -
the distance from the top of the printable area (i.e., the bottom of the top margin) to the first (title or top-level) markup on a page, when there is no system between the two.
See also
Notation Reference: Flexible vertical spacing within systems.
Installed Files: ‘ly/paper-defaults-init.ly’.
Snippets: Spacing.