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A.12.4 Music

\accidental alteration (an exact rational number)

Select an accidental glyph from an alteration, given as rational number.

\markup \accidental #1/2

Used properties:

• alteration-glyph-name-alist

\coda

Draw a coda sign.

\markup {
  \coda
}

\compound-meter time-sig (number or pair)

Draw a numeric time signature.

\markup {
  \column {
    \line { Single number:
               \compound-meter #3 }
    \line { Conventional:
               \compound-meter #'(4 . 4) or
               \compound-meter #'(4 4) }
    \line { Compound:
               \compound-meter #'(2 3 8) }
    \line { Single-number compound:
               \compound-meter #'((2) (3)) }
    \line { Complex compound:
               \compound-meter #'((2 3 8) (3 4)) }
  }
}

\customTabClef num-strings (integer) staff-space (number)

Draw a tab clef sans-serif style.

\doubleflat

Draw a double flat symbol.

\markup {
  \doubleflat
}

\doublesharp

Draw a double sharp symbol.

\markup {
  \doublesharp
}

\fermata

Create a fermata glyph. When direction is DOWN, use an inverted glyph. Note that within music, one would usually use the \fermata articulation instead of a markup.

 { c''1^\markup \fermata d''1_\markup \fermata }

\markup { \fermata \override #`(direction . ,DOWN) \fermata }

Used properties:

• direction (1)

\flat

Draw a flat symbol.

\markup {
  \flat
}

\multi-measure-rest-by-number duration-scale (non-negative, exact integer)

Returns a multi-measure rest symbol.

If the number of measures is greater than the number given by expand-limit a horizontal line is printed. For every multi-measure rest lasting more than one measure a number is printed on top.

\markup {
  Multi-measure rests may look like
  \multi-measure-rest-by-number #12
  or
  \multi-measure-rest-by-number #7
  (church rests)
}

Used properties:

• multi-measure-rest-number (#t)
• width (8)
• expand-limit (10)
• hair-thickness (2.0)
• thick-thickness (6.6)
• word-space
• style (())
• font-size (0)

\musicglyph glyph-name (string)

glyph-name is converted to a musical symbol; for example, \musicglyph #"accidentals.natural" selects the natural sign from the music font. See The Emmentaler font for a complete listing of the possible glyphs.

\markup {
  \musicglyph #"f"
  \musicglyph #"rests.2"
  \musicglyph #"clefs.G_change"
}

\natural

Draw a natural symbol.

\markup {
  \natural
}

\note duration (duration) dir (number)

This produces a note with a stem pointing in dir direction, with the duration for the note head type and augmentation dots. For example, \note {4.} #-0.75 creates a dotted quarter note, with a shortened down stem.

\markup {
  \override #'(style . cross)
  \note {4..} #UP
  \hspace #2
  \note {\breve} #0
}

Used properties:

• style (())
• dots-direction (0)
• flag-style (())
• font-size (0)

\note-by-number log (number) dot-count (number) dir (number)

Construct a note symbol, with stem and flag. By using fractional values for dir, longer or shorter stems can be obtained. Supports all note-head-styles. Ancient note-head-styles will get mensural-style-flags. flag-style may be overridden independently. Supported flag-styles are default, old-straight-flag, modern-straight-flag, flat-flag, mensural and neomensural. The latter two flag-styles will both result in mensural-flags. Both are supplied for convenience.

\markup {
  \note-by-number #3 #0 #DOWN
  \hspace #2
  \note-by-number #1 #2 #0.8
}

Used properties:

• style (())
• dots-direction (0)
• flag-style (())
• font-size (0)

\rest duration (duration)

Returns a rest symbol.

If multi-measure-rest is set to true, a multi-measure rest symbol my be returned. In this case the duration needs to be entered as { 1*2 }to get a multi-measure rest for two bars. Actually, it’s only the scaling factor that determines the length, the basic duration is disregarded.

\markup {
  Rests:
  \hspace #2
  \rest { 4.. }
  \hspace #2
  \rest { \breve }
  \hspace #2
  Multi-measure rests:
  \override #'(multi-measure-rest . #t)
  {
  \hspace #2
  \override #'(multi-measure-rest-number . #f)
  \rest { 1*7 }
  \hspace #2
  \rest { 1*12 }
  }
}

Used properties:

• multi-measure-rest-number (#t)
• width (8)
• expand-limit (10)
• hair-thickness (2.0)
• thick-thickness (6.6)
• word-space
• style (())
• font-size (0)
• style (())
• ledgers ((-1 0 1))
• font-size (0)

\rest-by-number log (integer) dot-count (integer)

A rest symbol.

For duration logs specified with property ledgers, rest symbols with ledger lines are selected.

\markup {
  \rest-by-number #3 #2
  \hspace #2
  \rest-by-number #0 #1
}

Used properties:

• style (())
• ledgers ((-1 0 1))
• font-size (0)

\rhythm music (music)

An embedded rhythmic pattern.

\relative {
  \tempo \markup {
    Swing
    \hspace #0.4
    \rhythm { 8[ 8] } = \rhythm { \tuplet 3/2 { 4 8 } }
  }
  b8 g' c, d ees d16 ees d c r8
}

Within \rhythm, there is no time signature and no division in measures (as with \cadenzaOn, see Unmetered music). Beaming must be added explicitly with the syntax explained in Manual beams.

\markup {
  The rhythmic pattern \rhythm { 16[ 8 16] } is
  a type of syncopation.
}

\stemDown can be used to flip the stems.

\markup \rhythm { \stemDown 8 16 8 }

\rhythm works by creating a StandaloneRhythmVoice context. The parents of this context are StandaloneRhythmStaff and StandaloneRhythmScore. It is possible to apply global tweaks to the output by using a \layout block.

\layout {
  \context {
    \StandaloneRhythmVoice
    \xNotesOn
  }
}

\markup \rhythm { 8 16 8 }

Note: rhythm does not work when its argument is a single duration, e.g., rhythm { 8 }. Use extra braces: rhythm { { 8 } }.

Used properties:

• font-size (-2)

\score score (score)

Inline an image of music. The reference point (usually the middle staff line) of the lowest staff in the top system is placed on the baseline.

\markup {
  \score {
    \new PianoStaff <<
      \new Staff \relative c' {
        \key f \major
        \time 3/4
        \mark \markup { Allegro }
        f2\p( a4)
        c2( a4)
        bes2( g'4)
        f8( e) e4 r
      }
      \new Staff \relative c {
        \clef bass
        \key f \major
        \time 3/4
        f8( a c a c a
        f c' es c es c)
        f,( bes d bes d bes)
        f( g bes g bes g)
      }
    >>
    \layout {
      indent = 0.0\cm
      \context {
        \Score
        \override RehearsalMark.break-align-symbols =
           #'(time-signature key-signature)
        \override RehearsalMark.self-alignment-X = #LEFT
      }
      \context {
        \Staff
        \override TimeSignature
                   .break-align-anchor-alignment = #LEFT
      }
    }
  }
}

Used properties:

• baseline-skip

\segno

Draw a segno symbol.

\markup {
  \segno
}

\semiflat

Draw a semiflat symbol.

\markup {
  \semiflat
}

\semisharp

Draw a semisharp symbol.

\markup {
  \semisharp
}

\sesquiflat

Draw a 3/2 flat symbol.

\markup {
  \sesquiflat
}

\sesquisharp

Draw a 3/2 sharp symbol.

\markup {
  \sesquisharp
}

\sharp

Draw a sharp symbol.

\markup {
  \sharp
}

\tied-lyric str (string)

Replace ‘~’ tilde symbols with tie characters in the argument.

\markup \column {
  \tied-lyric
    #"Siam navi~all'onde~algenti Lasciate~in abbandono"
  \tied-lyric
    #"Impetuosi venti I nostri~affetti sono"
  \tied-lyric
    #"Ogni diletto~e scoglio Tutta la vita~e~un mar."
}

Used properties:

• word-space

\varcoda

Draw a varcoda sign.

\markup {
  \varcoda
}

---

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