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Unofficial MusicXML test suite

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1 Introduction

Why a MusicXML test suite?

This test suite of sample MusicXML files is supposed to fill a severe gap for all developers implementing MusicXML support in their application: There is no complete test suite of MusicXML files available for testing purposes.

License of the test suite

This collection of MusicXML test files is distributed under the MIT license, which means that you can use the files for any purpose, as long as you leave the copyright notice (or the LICENSE file) intact.

Connection with LilyPond

At the same time as providing a generic test suite for MusicXML documents, this test suite also serves as proofs for the musicxml2ly script provided with LilyPond. The images shown in this document were generated by running musicxml2ly and lilypond on the MusicXML files. As musicxml2ly does not yet perfectly support every single aspect of MusicXML, the output is not supposed to be used as a definitive reference rendering, but rather as an indication how one particular application supports and interprets each of the test files.

If something does not seem right in the output, it might either be that this feature has not been implemented yet, has been wrongly implemented, or a regression has crept in recently...

In the web version of this document, you can click on the file name or figure for each example to see the corresponding .ly intermediary file.

Structure of this test suite

Each test file (typically hand-crafted from the MusicXML specification) checks one particular aspect of MusicXML. A short description of the particular feature for a file is given inside the file in a comment element of the form

<identification><miscellaneous>
  <miscellaneous-field name="description"> .... </miscellaneous-field>
</miscellaneous></identification>

The files are categorized by their first two digits with the following meaning:

01–03

Basics: pitches, rests, rhythm.

11–14

Staff attributes: time signatures, clefs, key signatures, staff details.

21–24

Notes: chords, note settings, tuplets, grace notes.

31–34

Notations and articulations: dynamics (staff-attached), notations (note-attached), spanners, print-object, color, and font size issues.

41–43

Parts: multiple parts, multi-voice parts, multi-staff parts.

45–46

Repeat and measure issues.

51–52

Page issues: header fields, page layout.

55–59

Exact positioning of items, offsets, etc.

61

Lyrics.

71–75

Instrument-specific: guitar (chord, fretboards), transposing instruments, percussion, figured bass, other instruments.

81–89

MIDI generation (all sound-related issues).

90–99

Various other: compressed MusicXML files, compatibility with broken MusicXML files exported by other applications.

Some of the categories (in particular, the exact item positioning and the MIDI generation) don’t have any test cases yet.

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2 Test cases

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01 ... Pitches

All pitches from G to c’’’’ in ascending steps. First without accidentals, then with a sharp and then with a flat accidental, then with explicit natural accidentals. Double alterations and cautionary accidentals are tested at the end.

01a-Pitches-Pitches.xml

All pitch intervals in ascending jump size.

01b-Pitches-Intervals.xml

The <voice> element of notes is optional in MusicXML (although Dolet always writes it out). Here, there is one note with lyrics, but without a voice assigned. It should still be correctly converted.

01c-Pitches-NoVoiceElement.xml

Some microtones: c flat-and-a-half, d half-flat, e half-sharp, f sharp-and-a half. Once in the lower and once in the upper region of the staff.

01d-Pitches-Microtones.xml

Accidentals have the attributes ‘cautionary’, ‘editorial’, ‘parenthesized’, and ‘bracketed’. The first two measures each have a cautionary accidental, an editorial, a cautionary with parentheses off, and an editorial and cautionary accidental. The next two measures each have a normal accidental, a bracketed, a parenthesized, and a bracketed and parenthesized accidental.

01e-Pitches-ParenthesizedAccidentals.xml

Microtone accidentals can be cautionary or editorial. Each measure has a normal accidental, an editorial, a cautionary and an editioal and cautionary accidental.

01f-Pitches-ParenthesizedMicrotoneAccidentals.xml

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02 ... Rests

All different rest lengths: A two-bar multi-measure rest, a whole rest, a half, etc., until a 1024th-rest, then the same with dotted durations. The last bar is a full-measure rest with the attribute ‘measure="no"’.

02a-Rests-Durations.xml

Rests can have explicit pitches to position them vertically. In the first bar, the first rest has no explicit pitch and should use the default position, while the remaining rests are explicitly positioned at pitches E4, F5, A3, and C6. The second bar holds a full-measure rest at pitch G4 (within an alto clef).

02b-Rests-PitchedRests.xml

Five multi-measure rests: 3 measures, 15 measures, 1 measure, 12 measures, and 3 measures with ‘use-symbols’ set.

02c-Rests-MultiMeasureRests.xml

Multi-measure rests should always be converted into durations that are a multiple of the time signature.

02d-Rests-Multimeasure-TimeSignatures.xml

In some cases, a rest might not have its type attribute set (this happens, for example, with voices in Finale, where you don’t manually insert a rest).

02e-Rests-NoType.xml

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03 ... Rhythm

All note durations, from long, brevis, whole, etc., until 1024th. First with their plain values, then dotted, and finally double-dotted.

03a-Rhythm-Durations.xml

Two voices with a <backup> element that does not jump to the beginning of the measure for voice two but somewhere in the middle. Voice two thus won’t have any notes or rests for the first beat of the measure.

03b-Rhythm-Backup.xml

Although uncommon, the divisions of a quarter note can change somewhere in the middle of a MusicXML file. Here, the first half measure uses a division of 1, which then changes to 8 in the middle of the first measure and to 38 in the middle of the second measure.

03c-Rhythm-DivisionChange.xml

Several durations can be written with dots. For multi-measure rests it is also possible to have durations that cannot be expressed with dotted notes (like 5/8).

In bar 15 there is only a 16th note and no rest for the remaining part of the bar.

03d-Rhythm-DottedDurations-Factors.xml

No <divisions> element.

03e-Rhythm-No-Divisions.xml

A voice with two <forward> elements, putting the first note on the third beat and the second note on the last 16th of the measure. There are no visible rests.

03f-Rhythm-Forward.xml

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11 ... Time signatures

Various time signatures: 2/2 (alla breve), 4/4 (C), 2/2, 3/2, 2/4, 3/4, 4/4, 5/4, 3/8, 6/8, 12/8.

11a-TimeSignatures.xml

A score without a time signature (but with a key and clefs). The first bar misses a <time> element altogether, the second bar sets a 2/2 time with ‘print-object="no"’ for both staves, and the third bar sets a 4/4 time with ‘print-object="no"’ only for the lower staff.

11b-TimeSignatures-NoTime.xml

Compound time signatures with same denominator: (3+2)/8 and (5+3+1)/4.

11c-TimeSignatures-CompoundSimple.xml

Compound time signatures with separate fractions displayed: 3/8+2/8+3/4 and 5/2+1/8.

11d-TimeSignatures-CompoundMultiple.xml

Compound time signatures of mixed type: (3+2)/8+3/4.

11e-TimeSignatures-CompoundMixed.xml

A time signature of 3/8 with the ‘symbol="cut"’ attribute and two ‘symbol="single-number"’ attributes with compound time signatures. Shall the symbol be ignored in this case?

11f-TimeSignatures-SymbolMeaning.xml

Time signature displayed as a single number.

11g-TimeSignatures-SingleNumber.xml

Senza-misura time signature. The first bar has three eighth notes, the second bar contains a full-measure rest (indicated by setting ‘measure="yes"’ for the <rest> element) with a length of a dotted half note, and the third bar contains four eighth notes.

11h-TimeSignatures-SenzaMisura.xml

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12 ... Clefs

Various clefs: G, C, F, percussion, TAB, and ‘none’ (in measure 17). Some clefs are also shown with transposition and on other staff lines than their default.

Each measure shows a different clef; only measure 18 has the same treble clef as the first measure.

12a-Clefs.xml

A score without a <key> or <clef> element (but with <time>). The default (4/4 in treble clef) should be used.

12b-Clefs-NoKeyOrClef.xml

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13 ... Key signatures

Various key signatures: from 11 flats to 11 sharps. Each signature is shown twice, with one measure in major and the other measure in minor.

13a-KeySignatures.xml

All different modes: ‘major’, ‘minor’, ‘ionian’, ‘dorian’, ‘phrygian’, ‘lydian’, ‘mixolydian’, ‘aeolian’, ‘locrian’, and ‘none’. All modes are given with two sharps.

13b-KeySignatures-ChurchModes.xml

Non-traditional key signatures, where each alteration is separately given. The first signature is [f sharp, a flat, b flat]. The second one is [c flatflat, g sharp sharp, d flat, b sharp, f natural], with explicitly selected octaves for each alteration.

13c-KeySignatures-NonTraditional.xml

Non-traditional key signatures with microtone alterations: [g flat-and-a-half, a flat, b half-flat, c natural, d half-sharp, e sharp, f sharp-and-a-half].

13d-KeySignatures-Microtones.xml

Tests of key signature cancellation: at default location, at right, and before barline, then cancelling a key signature that does not exist.

13e-KeySignatures-Cancel.xml

Test the ‘print-object’ attribute of key signatures. The signature at the beginning of the second bar is a flat major and should be invisible; the following notes d flat, e flat, a flat, and b flat shouldn’t have a flat accidental.

13f-KeySignatures-Visible.xml

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14 ... Staff attributes

Testing staff line configurations and pitched notes. The number of staff lines can be modified by using the ‘staff-lines’ child of the ‘staff-details’ attribute. This can happen globally (the first staff has one line globally) or during the part at the beginning of a measure and even inside a measure (the second part has 5 lines initially, 4 at the beginning of the second measure, and 3 starting in the middle of the third measure). The fourth measure in the lower staff has five lines again but uses ‘print-object="no"’ in the ‘line-detail’ element to suppress the second and fourth staff line.

14a-StaffDetails-LineChanges.xml

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21 ... Chorded notes

One simple chord consisting of two notes.

21a-Chord-Basic.xml

Some subsequent (identical) two-note chords. In the second bar, the chords are tied (top note, bottom note, both notes).

21b-Chords-TwoNotes.xml

Some three-note chords, with various durations.

21c-Chords-ThreeNotesDuration.xml

Chords in the second measure, after several ornaments in the first measure and a ‘p’ at the beginning of the second measure.

21d-Chords-SchubertStabatMater.xml

Check for proper chord detection after a pickup measure (i.e., the first beat of the measure is not aligned with a multiple of the time signature)!

21e-Chords-PickupMeasures.xml

Between the individual notes of a chord there can be <direction> elements, which already belong to the next <note> element after the current one. The segno and the piano sign should be attached to the rest after the chord.

21f-Chord-ElementInBetween.xml

Different tremolos on different chord notes. The tremolo on the last chord is of type ‘unmeasured’.

21g-Chords-Tremolos.xml

A chord with normal, cautionary, and editorial accidentals.

21h-Chord-Accidentals.xml

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22 ... Note settings, heads, etc.

Different note styles, using the <notehead> element. First, each note head style is printed with four quarter notes, two with filled heads, two with unfilled heads, where first the stem is up and then the stem is down. After that, each note head style is printed with a half note (should have an unfilled head by default). Finally, the Aiken note head styles are tested, once with stem up and once with stem down.

22a-Noteheads.xml

Staff-connected note styles: slash notation, hidden notes (with and without hidden staff lines).

22b-Staff-Notestyles.xml

Different note styles for individual notes inside a chord, using the <notehead> element.

22c-Noteheads-Chords.xml

Parenthesized note heads. A normal parenthesized note, a parenthesized note with an ‘x’ note head, a three-note chord with the middle note parenthesized, a three-note chord with all notes parenthesized, a normal quarter rest in parentheses, and a pitched quarter rest in parentheses.

22d-Parenthesized-Noteheads.xml

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23 ... Triplets, Tuplets

Some tuplets (3:2, 3:2, 3:2, 4:2, 4:1, 7:3, 6:2) with the default tuplet bracket displaying the number of actual notes played. The second tuplet does not have a number attribute set.

23a-Tuplets.xml

Different tuplet styles: default, none, x:y, x:y-note, and x-note:y-note; each with bracket, slur, and without bracket. Finally, non-standard 4:3 and 17:2 tuplets are given.

23b-Tuplets-Styles.xml

Displaying tuplet note types that might not coincide with the displayed note. The first two tuplets take the type from the note, the second two from the <time-modification> element, the remaining pair of tuplets from the <tuplet> notation element.

The tuplets in measure 3 specify both a number of notes and a type inside the <tuplet-actual> and <tuplet-normal> elements, the ones in measure 4 specify only a note type (but no number), and the ones in measure 5 specify only a number of tuplet notes (but no type, which is deduced from the note’s type).

The first tuplet of measures 3 to 5 uses ‘display-type="actual"’, the second one ‘display-type="both"’.

FIXME: The tuplet-normal should coincide with the real notes!

23c-Tuplet-Display-NonStandard.xml

Tuplets can be nested. The first bar contains a 5:2 tuplet (with 16th notes) in the middle of a 3:2 tuple (with eighth notes). The second bar has a 5:2 tuplet at the beginning and at the end (with the tuplet number forced below) of a 3:2 tuple (with the bracket forced above).

23d-Tuplets-Nested.xml

Tremolo tuplets. The first bar contains normal eighth triplets with staccato points, the second bar holds three tremolo tuplets, the third bar holds a sextuple followed by a triplet, the third bar contains a sextuple (starting on the second beat) with a ‘fp’ sign, and the fifth bar is identical to the third bar.

23e-Tuplets-Tremolo.xml

Tuplets without brackets, using only <time-modification>. The upper staff contains two quarters followed by a quarter triplet. The lower staff holds two eighths, an eighths triplet, four 16th notes, and a 16th sextuplet.

23f-Tuplets-DurationButNoBracket.xml

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24 ... Grace notes

Different kinds of grace notes. First bar: single 1/16 grace note, beamed 1/16 grace notes, 1/16 appoggiatura, 1/8 appoggiatura. Second bar: slashed single 1/16 grace note, beamed 1/16 grace notes (with both notes marked as slashed), 1/16 acciaccatura, 1/16 grace note (without slash) right before the measure bar. Third bar: no grace note before chord, 1/4 grace note with sharp, two 1/4 grace notes with flats, 1/16 slashed grace note before rest.

24a-GraceNotes.xml

Chords as grace notes. The last (unslashed and beamed) grace group consists of two chords with one tie between the two grace chords and another tie between the last grace chord and the main chord.

24b-ChordAsGraceNote.xml

A grace note that appears at the measure end (without any steal-from-* attribute set). Some applications need to convert this into an after-grace.

24c-GraceNote-MeasureEnd.xml

Some grace notes and after-graces indicated by ‘steal-time-previous’ (for the first grace note) and ‘steal-time-following’ (for the second one). The remaining grace notes have no such attribute.

24d-AfterGrace.xml

Grace notes on a different staff than the actual notes.

24e-GraceNote-StaffChange.xml

A grace note with a slur to the actual note. The <grace> element has no ‘slash’ attribute; since MusicXML does not provide a default value it is up to the application to interpret the grace note as an acciaccatura or an appoggiatura.

24f-GraceNote-Slur.xml

Grace notes in combination with dynamics. The ‘f’ sign is located on the first grace note (using a <direction> element), followed by a diminuendo wedge, and the ‘p’ sign is on the main beat (again using <direction>).

24g-GraceNote-Dynamics.xml

Simultaneous grace notes and grace note groups of different length starting a part or a voice.

The topmost three staves are voices one to three of part ‘P1’, with no grace notes in the third staff and music starting on the second beat. There is also an ‘fp’ on the main note of the first staff.

The bottommost two staves are voices one and two of part ‘P2’, with no grace notes in the lowest staff.

24h-GraceNote-Simultaneous.xml

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31 ... Dynamics and other single symbols

All <direction> elements defined in MusicXML. The lyrics for each note describes the direction element assigned to that note. Not marked with lyrics is a <scordatura> element at the very beginning.

31a-Directions.xml

Using <offset> it is possible to make successive <direction> elements look like being concatenated. However, it is a bad idea in general to do that because it makes the rendering dependent on a program’s score formatting.

In the first bar, the first <direction> element contains a tempo mark and is directly followed by another <direction> element containing a metronome mark that is moved to the right by a positive <offset> element.

In the second bar, the first <direction> element holds the start of a diminuendo wedge; it is directly followed by another <direction> element containing a dynamics mark. Since the wedge has an <offset> element with a positive value while the dynamics has no such element at all, the dynamics precedes the wedge.

31b-Directions-Order.xml

Tempo Markings: ‘quarter.=100’, ‘quarter..=half.’, ‘(quarter.=half..)’, ‘(quarter.=77)’.

31c-MetronomeMarks.xml

This tests various combinations of <direction> children. The lyrics for each note describe the compound elements assigned to that note.

31d-Directions-Compounds.xml

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32 ... Notations and Articulations

All <notation> elements defined in MusicXML. The lyrics show the notation assigned to each note.

The third-last bar is a full-measure rest with a fermata.

32a-Notations.xml

Text markup with different CSS font sizes, weights, horizontal positions (using ‘default-x’), and vertical positions (using ‘default-y’). Strings below the staff are positioned right before the <measure>; the last one is also drawn in red.

32b-Articulations-Texts.xml

It should not make any difference whether two articulations are given inside two different notation elements, inside two different articulations children of the same notation element or inside the same articulations element. Thus, all three notes should have a staccato and an accent.

32c-MultipleNotationChildren.xml

Different arpeggio kinds and directions.

32d-Arpeggio.xml

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33 ... Spanners

Several spanners defined in MusicXML: tuplet, slur (solid, dashed), wedge (cresc, dim), trill with accidental mark and wavy-line (with another accidental mark on the second beat), single-note trill spanner, octave-shift (8va,15mb), bracket (solid down/down, dashed down/down, solid none/down, dashed none/up, solid none/none), dashes, glissando (wavy), slide (solid), grouping, two-note tremolo, hammer-on, pull-off, pedal line (down, change, up), pedal text (down, up).

33a-Spanners.xml

Two simple tied whole notes

33b-Spanners-Tie.xml

A note can be the end of one slur and the start of a new slur. Also, in MusicXML, nested slurs are possible like in the second measure where one slur goes over all four notes, and another slur goes from the second to the third note.

33c-Spanners-Slurs.xml

All types of octave shifts (15ma on the third eighth note, 15mb on the fourth and fifth, 8va on the sixth and seventh, and 8vb on the last two 16th notes). This test file positions <octave-shift type="stop"/>> before the associated note, as expected in MusicXML import of Finale, for example. Consequently, it contains ‘Finale’ as the <software> tag.

Note that the end of the last octave shift is anchored at the following bar line.

33da-Spanners-OctaveShifts-before.xml

All types of octave shifts (15ma on the third eighth note, 15mb on the fourth and fifth, 8va on the sixth and seventh, and 8vb on the last two 16th notes). This test file positions <octave-shift type="stop"/>> after the associated note, as expected in MusicXML import of MuseScore, for example. Consequently, it contains ‘MuseScore’ as the <software> tag.

Note that the end of the last octave shift is anchored at the following bar line.

33db-Spanners-OctaveShifts-after.xml

Invalid octave-shifts: 27 down, 11 up.

33e-Spanners-OctaveShifts-InvalidSize.xml

A trill spanner that spans a grace note and ends on an after-grace note at the end of the measure.

33f-Trill-EndingOnGraceNote.xml

Slurs on chorded notes. The upper slur connects the first and third chord; for both the start and end, the <slur> element is attached not to the first note of the chord but to the second one (tagged with <chord>). The lower slur connects the chord on the second beat and the note on fourth beat and is attached in the normal way.

33g-Slur-ChordedNotes.xml

All different types of glissando defined in MusicXML

33h-Spanners-Glissando.xml

Several ties that have their end tag missing.

33i-Ties-NotEnded.xml

Tests for double-note tremolo beams. The first bar shows a half-note tremolo (one beam, two strokes) followed by a dotted quarter-note tremolo with chords (three strokes). The second bar shows a half-note triplet with three tremolos (no beams, three strokes) followed by three beamed eighths-note chords with a tremolo (two strokes) between the second and third chord.

33j-Beams-Tremolos.xml

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34 ... Attribute issues

Test various spanner elements (mostly from <notations>) starting from a <note> object with ‘print-object’ set to ‘no’, then test spanners ending with such a note object: beam, tuplet, slur, trill + wavy-line, glissando (wavy), slide (solid), two-note tremolo, hammer-on, pull-off. Spanners starting from an invisible object should be suppressed.

34a-Print-Object-Spanners.xml

Colors. The elements in the first bar have the ‘color’ attribute set to red for <note>, <notehead>, <stem>, <dot>, and <accidental>, respectively.

The elements in the second bar have the ‘color’ attribute set to red for <down-bow>, <tremolo>, <accent>, and <note> again (for the rest), respectively, followed by a red unpitched note.

The third and fourth bar consists of a red two-bar rest.

The fifth bar has a red rehearsal mark on its starting bar line. The first note has three fingerings, with the middle one in red; also attached is a red ‘ff’ sign. The second note has three plucks, with the first one in red. A red ‘Adagio’ tempo indication is on top of the third beat, which consists of a quadruplet with a red number. The fourth beat holds a red arpeggio, and the fifth beat demonstrates lyrics in red.

The sixth bar holds a red beamlet, a red beam, a red slur, a red pedal marker that gets continued with a blue one, and a red octave shift.

Measure seven contains a red trill with a black wavy line, a black trill with a red wavy line, a red bracket, a red glissando, and a red wedge.

Bar eight starts with a red and black tie connecting two chords, followed by ‘cresc.’ and dashes in red, followed by ‘dim.’ in black with red dashes.

The ninth measure demonstrates a red 6/8 time signature, followed by a red two-stem tremolo, a red breath mark.

Bar ten begins with a red, non-traditional key change, followed by a red, traditional one.

The eleventh bar starts with a red bass clef (actually, still in bar seven), followed by a blue percussion clef on a red two-line staff (where the middle line is omitted).

Measures 12 to 14 holds a repeat structure with two endings, with red bar lines at the beginning of measures 12 and 14, a blue bar line at the beginning of measure 13, and a red prima-volta bracket and number.

34b-Colors.xml

Font sizes. The elements in the first bar have the ‘font-size’ attribute set to a larger value for <note>, <notehead>, <trill-mark>, <dot>, and <accidental>, respectively.

The elements in the second bar have the ‘font-size’ attribute set to a larger value for <down-bow>, <accidental-mark>, <accent>, and <note> again (for the rest), respectively, followed by a larger percussion clef and a larger unpitched note.

The third and fourth bar consists of an oversized two-bar rest.

The fifth bar has an oversized rehearsal mark on its starting bar line. The first note has three fingerings, with the middle one oversized; also attached is an oversized ‘ff’ sign. The second note has three plucks, with the first one oversized. An oversized ‘Adagio’ tempo indication is on top of the third and fourth beats, which consist of a quadruplet with an oversized number. The fifth beat demonstrates oversized lyrics.

The sixth bar holds an oversized pedal marker with an oversized octave shift, an oversized trill with a wavy line, and an oversized ‘cresc.’ with dashes.

The seventh measure demonstrates an oversized, non-traditional key change, followed by an oversized 6/8 time signature, an oversized breath mark, an oversized bass clef, and an oversized, traditional key change.

34c-Font-Size.xml

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41 ... Multiple parts (staves)

A piece with four parts (P0, P1, P2, P3; different from what Finale creates!). Are they converted in the correct order?

41a-MultiParts-Partorder.xml

A piece with 20 parts to check whether an application supports that many parts and whether they are correctly sorted.

41b-MultiParts-MoreThan10.xml

A huge orchestra score with 28 parts and different kinds of nested bracketed groups. Each part/group is assigned a name and an abbreviation to be shown before the staff. Also, most of the groups show unbroken barlines, while the barlines are broken between the groups.

41c-StaffGroups.xml

Two properly nested part groups: One group (with a square bracket) goes from staff 2 to 4) and another group (with a curly bracket) goes from staff 3 to 4.

41d-StaffGroups-Nested.xml

Part names and abbreviations can contain line breaks.

41e-StaffGroups-InstrumentNames-Linebroken.xml

MusicXML allows for overlapping part-groups, while many applications do not allow overlapping groups, but require them to be properly nested. In this case, one group (within parenthesis) goes from staff 1 to 4 and another group (also within parenthesis) goes from staff 3 to 5.

41f-StaffGroups-Overlapping.xml

This piece has more part elements than the part-list section gives. One can either convert all the parts present, but not listed in the part-list, or simply not import / ignore them.

41h-TooManyParts.xml

MusicXML allows part-name and part-name-display in the score-part element. If part-name-display is given, it overrides the part-name for display.

The first staff uses only part-name, while the second one (same part-name) overrides it with a custom text. Similar for the part-abbreviation used in subsequent staves.

41i-PartNameDisplay-Override.xml

This score has multiple display-text elements in its part-name-display block. This is handled without crashing.

41j-PartNameDisplay-Multiple-DisplayText-Children.xml

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42 ... Multiple voices per staff

Two voices share one staff. To each voice some lyrics is assigned. In the last bar, the second voice is empty, thus the full rest should be positioned on the staff’s middle line.

42a-MultiVoice-TwoVoicesOnStaff-Lyrics.xml

A multi-voice / multi-staff part with a clef change in the middle of a measure and a <backward> for voice 2 jumping back beyond that clef change.

42b-MultiVoice-MidMeasureClefChange.xml

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43 ... One part on multiple staves

A simple piano staff

43a-PianoStaff.xml

A piano staff with different keys and clefs for each of its staves. The keys and clefs for both staves are given at the very beginning of the measure.

43b-MultiStaff-DifferentKeys.xml

A piano staff with different keys and clefs for each of its staves. The key and clef for the second staff is given only after a backward, just before the first note of the second staff is given, but after the whole measure for staff 1 has been given.

43c-MultiStaff-DifferentKeysAfterBackup.xml

Staff changes in a piano staff. In the first measure, the voice from the second staff has some notes on the first staff. In the second measure, the voice from the second staff has a chord on the second eighth on the first staff.

43d-MultiStaff-StaffChange.xml

A piano staff with dynamics and clef changes, where each element (ffff, wedge and clef changes) applies only to one voice or one staff, respectively.

43e-Multistaff-ClefDynamics.xml

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45 ... Repeats

A simple, repeated measure (repeated 5 times)

45a-SimpleRepeat.xml

A simple repeat with two alternative endings (volta brackets).

45b-RepeatWithAlternatives.xml

Repeats can also be nested.

45c-RepeatMultipleTimes.xml

Nested repeats, each with alternative endings.

45d-Repeats-Nested-Alternatives.xml

Some more nested repeats with alternatives. The barline between measure 7 and 8 will probably be messed up! (Should be a repeat on both sides!)

45e-Repeats-Nested-Alternatives.xml

Some more nested repeats with alternatives, where the MusicXML file does not make sense in the first place. How well are applications able to cope with improper repeats and alternatives?

45f-Repeats-InvalidEndings.xml

A forward-repeating bar line without an ending repeat bar.

45g-Repeats-NotEnded.xml

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46 ... Barlines, Measures

Different types of (non-repeat) barlines: default (no setting), regular, dotted, dashed, heavy, light-light, light-heavy, heavy-light, heavy-heavy, tick, short, none.

46a-Barlines.xml

Barlines can appear at mid-measure positions, without using an implicit measure!

46b-MidmeasureBarline.xml

A clef change in the middle of a measure, using either an implicit measure or simply placing the attributes in the middle of the measure.

46c-Midmeasure-Clef.xml

A 3/8 pickup measure, a measure that is split into one (incomplete, only 2/4) measure and an implicit measure, and an incomplete measure (containg 3/4).

46d-PickupMeasure-ImplicitMeasures.xml

Voice 2 should start at 2nd beat of first full measure.

46e-PickupMeasure-SecondVoiceStartsLater.xml

Measures can contain less notes than the time signature says. Here, the first and third measures contain only two quarters instead of four.

46f-IncompleteMeasures.xml

Pickup measure with chord names and figured bass.

46g-PickupMeasure-Chordnames-FiguredBass.xml

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51 ... Header information

Several header fields and part names can contain quotes ("). This test checks whether they are converted/imported without problems (i.e. whether they are correctly escaped when converting).

51b-Header-Quotes.xml

There can be multiple <rights> tags in the identification element of the score. The conversion shall still work, ideally using both of them.

51c-MultipleRights.xml

A piece with an empty (but existing) work-title, but a non-empty movement-title. In this case the movement-title should be chosen, even though the work-title exists.

51d-EmptyTitle.xml

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52 ... Page layout

Several page layout settings: paper size, margins, system margins and distances, different fonts, etc.

52a-PageLayout.xml

System and page breaks, given in a <print> element

52b-Breaks.xml

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61 ... Lyrics

Some notes with simple lyrics: Syllables, notes without a syllable, syllable spanners.

61a-Lyrics.xml

Multiple (simple) lyrics. The order of the exported stanzas is relevant (identified by the number attribute in this test case)

61b-MultipleLyrics.xml

Lyrics assigned to the voices of a piano staff containing two simple staves. Each staff is assigned exactly one lyrics line.

61c-Lyrics-Pianostaff.xml

How to treat lyrics and slurred notes. Normally, a slurred group of notes is assigned only one lyrics syllable.

61d-Lyrics-Melisma.xml

Assigning lyrics to chorded notes.

61e-Lyrics-Chords.xml

Grace notes shall not mess up the lyrics, and they shall not be assigned to a syllable.

61f-Lyrics-GracedNotes.xml

A lyrics syllable can have both a number and a name attribute. The question is: What should be used to put syllables of the same voice together. This example uses different number/name combinations to check how different applications handle this unspecified case (The advice on the MusicXML mailing list was "there is no correct way, each application can do what it thinks is best").

61g-Lyrics-NameNumber.xml

Beaming or slurs can indicate melismata for lyrics. Also make sure that notes without an explicit syllable are treated as if they were part of a melisma.

In the second bar, ‘start’, ‘continue’, and ‘stop’ types are used for <extend>, together with a red color for the extender line.

61h-Lyrics-BeamsMelismata.xml

Each note of a chord can have some lyrics attached. In this case, each note of the chord has lyrics of the form "Lyrics [123]" attached, where each lyrics has a different number attribute to distinguish them. These syllables should be imported into three different stanzas and the timing should be correct.

61i-Lyrics-Chords.xml

Multiple lyrics syllables assigned to a single note are implemented either using a space in the lyrics’ <text> element or by using <elision>.

The first note has a single syllable, the second note has two syllables separated by a space, the third has two syllables with <elision> set to an undertie, and the fourth has three syllables (the first and third one in red, and the second one being in italic and overriding the color with blue), with a green undertie between the first and second syllable and an empty <elision> element between the second and third syllable, causing an application-specific elision glyph.

61j-Lyrics-Elisions.xml

Lyrics spanners: continued syllables and extenders, possibly spanning multiple notes. The intermediate notes do not have any <lyric> element.

61k-Lyrics-SpannersExtenders.xml

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71 ... Guitar notation

A normal staff with several (complex) chord names displayed.

71a-Chordnames.xml

A staff with chord names and some fretboards shown. The fretboards can have an arbitrary number of frets/strings, can start at an arbitrary fret and can even contain fingering information.

71c-ChordsFrets.xml

Chords and fretboards assigned to the voices in a multi-voice, multi-staff part. There should be fret diagrams above each of the two staves.

71d-ChordsFrets-Multistaff.xml

Some tablature staves, with explicit fingering information and different string tunings given in the MusicXML file.

71e-TabStaves.xml

All chord types defined in MusicXML. The staff will only contain one c’ note (NO chord) for all of them, but the chord names should be properly printed.

71f-AllChordTypes.xml

There can be multiple subsequent harmony elements, indicating a harmony change during a note

71g-MultipleChordnames.xml

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72 ... Transposing instruments

Transposing instruments: Trumpet in Bb, Horn in Eb, Piano; All of them show the C major scale (the trumpet with 2 sharp, the horn with 3 sharp).

72a-TransposingInstruments.xml

Various transposition. Each part plays a c’’, just displayed in different display pitches. The second-to-last staff uses a transposition where the displayed c’ is an actual f’’’ concert pitch. The final staff is an untransposed instrument.

72b-TransposingInstruments-Full.xml

An instrument change from one transposition (Clarinet in Eb) to another transposing instrument (Clarinet in Bb). The displayed instrument name should also be updated.

The whole piece is in Bb major (sounding), so first the key signature should be one flat, after the change it should have no accidentals.

72c-TransposingInstruments-Change.xml

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73 ... Percussion

Three types of percussion staves: A five-line staff with bass clef for Timpani, a five-line staff with percussion clef, and a one-line percussion staff with only unpitched notes.

73a-Percussion.xml

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74 ... Figured bass

Some figured bass containing alterated figures, bracketed figures and slashed figures.

Note that this file does not contain any extenders!

74a-FiguredBass.xml

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75 ... Other instrumental notation

All possible accordion registrations.

75a-AccordionRegistrations.xml

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90 ... Compressed MusicXML files

A compressed MusicXML file, containing a simple MusicXML score and the corresponding .pdf output for reference.

90a-Compressed-MusicXML.mxl

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99 ... Compatibility with broken MusicXML

Dolet 3 for Sibelius (5.1) did not print out any closing beam tags, only starting and continuing beam tags. For such files, one either needs to ignore all beaming information or close all beams

99a-Sibelius5-IgnoreBeaming.xml

If we properly ignore all beaming information from the Dolet 3 for Sibelius export file, make sure that the lyrics syllables are still assigned to the correct notes.

99b-Lyrics-BeamsMelismata-IgnoreBeams.xml