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References for opera and stage musicals

In addition to vocal and stage ensembles, most of the following notions may apply to nearly any orchestral and ensemble music:

• A conductors’ score contains many grouped staves and lyrics. Ways of grouping staves is shown in Grouping staves. To nest groups of staves see Nested staff groups.
• The printing of empty staves in conductors’ scores and vocal scores is often suppressed. To create such a “Frenched score” see Hiding staves.
• Writing orchestral parts is covered in Writing parts. Other sections in the Specialist notation chapter may be relevant, depending on the orchestration used. Many instruments are transposing instruments, see Instrument transpositions.
• If the number of systems per page changes from page to page it is customary to separate the systems with a system separator mark. See Separating systems.
• For details of other page formatting properties, see Page layout.
• Dialogue cues, stage directions and footnotes can be inserted, see Creating footnotes and Text. Extensive stage directions can also be added with a section of stand-alone markups between two \score blocks, see Separate text.

See also

Musical Glossary: Frenched score, Frenched staves, transposing instrument.

Notation Reference: Creating footnotes, Grouping staves, Hiding staves, Instrument transpositions, Nested staff groups, Page layout, Separating systems, Transpose, Writing parts, Writing text.

Snippets: Vocal music.